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← Data Operations and Support practice sets

DEA-C01 Data Operations and Support • Complete Question Bank

DEA-C01 Data Operations and Support — All Questions With Answers

Complete DEA-C01 Data Operations and Support question bank — all 0 questions with answers and detailed explanations.

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Certifications/DEA-C01/Practice Test/Data Operations and Support/All Questions
Question 1mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that an AWS Glue job processing data from an Amazon S3 bucket frequently fails with 'OutOfMemoryError'. The job reads CSV files, applies transformations, and writes Parquet to another S3 bucket. The job has 10 workers of type G.1X. Which change is MOST likely to resolve the issue?

Question 2easymultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest clickstream data. The data is consumed by a custom consumer application that writes to Amazon S3 every 5 minutes. The consumer is falling behind and processing lag is increasing. Which action is MOST effective to reduce the lag?

Question 3hardmultiple choice
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A data team runs a daily AWS Glue ETL job that processes data from an Amazon Redshift cluster and writes results to Amazon S3. The job completes successfully but takes 2 hours longer than expected. The job uses the JDBC connection to Redshift. The Redshift cluster is 4 dc2.large nodes. The Glue job has 10 workers of type G.1X. Which change would MOST likely reduce the job duration?

Question 4mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon DynamoDB as a source for an AWS Glue job. The job reads a large table using a DynamoDB export to S3 feature. The job is failing with 'ThrottlingException' from DynamoDB. What should the data engineer do to resolve this issue WITHOUT changing the job's logic?

Question 5easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application that uses a SQL query to aggregate streaming data. The application is falling behind and the millisBehindLatest metric is increasing. Which action should the engineer take to improve performance?

Question 6hardmulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue job that reads from an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database using a JDBC connection. The job fails with the error 'java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver'. Which TWO actions should the engineer take to resolve this issue? (Select TWO.)

Question 7mediummulti select
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A company uses Amazon S3 to store raw data and runs AWS Glue ETL jobs to transform it into Parquet. The data is then queried using Amazon Athena. Queries are slow and expensive due to high scan volumes. Which THREE design changes can improve query performance and reduce costs? (Select THREE.)

Question 8easymultiple choice
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A data engineer runs a Spark job on Amazon EMR that reads data from Amazon S3 and writes results back to S3. The job fails with an 'S3AccessDenied' error. The engineer verifies that the IAM role attached to the EMR cluster has s3:GetObject and s3:PutObject permissions on the relevant buckets. What is the MOST likely cause of the error?

Question 9mediummultiple choice
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An AWS Glue job that processes streaming data from Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is failing intermittently with 'Failed to checkpoint' errors. The job uses checkpointing to an Amazon S3 bucket every 60 seconds. Which action should the engineer take to resolve the issue?

Question 10hardmultiple choice
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A company uses AWS DMS to migrate data from an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Redshift. The migration is successful, but after a few days, data in Redshift becomes inconsistent with the source due to ongoing changes. The company needs to keep Redshift synchronized with minimal latency. Which approach should the data engineer use?

Question 11easymultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream is failing to deliver data to an Amazon S3 bucket. The CloudWatch metrics show 'DeliveryToS3.Success' is 0 and 'S3.BucketExists' is 1. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 12hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a batch ETL job on Amazon EMR every night. Recently, the job started failing with 'Out of Memory' errors in the Spark executors. The data volume has grown 20% in the past month. The cluster uses uniform instance groups with 5 core nodes of r5.xlarge (4 vCPU, 32 GB RAM). Which change should the data engineer implement to resolve the issue with minimal cost increase?

Question 13mediummulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue ETL job that fails with the error: 'An error occurred while calling o123.pyWriteDynamicFrame. Access Denied when writing to S3 bucket: my-bucket'. The job uses a Glue service role named 'GlueServiceRole'. Which TWO actions should the engineer take to resolve the issue? (Choose TWO.)

Question 14mediummulti select
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink application that processes streaming data. The application is falling behind (increasing 'MillisBehindLatest') and the CPU utilization of the Flink task managers is consistently above 80%. Which THREE actions should the engineer take to improve performance? (Choose THREE.)

Question 15easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a nightly AWS Glue ETL job that reads from an Amazon RDS for MySQL table and writes to an Amazon S3 bucket in Parquet format. The job runs successfully most days, but occasionally fails with the error 'ERROR: An error occurred while calling o67.pyWriteDynamicFrame. The transaction log for the database is full due to 'LOG_BACKUP'.' What is the MOST likely cause of this error?

Question 16mediummulti select
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A company runs a data pipeline that ingests clickstream data from a web application into Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. A Lambda function processes records from the stream and writes them to an Amazon S3 bucket in JSON format. The pipeline has been running smoothly, but for the past hour, the Lambda function has been failing with 'Rate exceeded' errors, and the Kinesis stream shows elevated 'IteratorAgeMilliseconds' metrics. The Lambda function has a reserved concurrency of 100, and the Kinesis stream has 10 shards. The average record size is 5 KB, and the data rate is approximately 15 MB per second. Which combination of actions should a data engineer take to resolve the issue and prevent recurrence? (Choose TWO.)

Question 17hardmultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Glue to run ETL jobs that process data from Amazon S3 and write results to Amazon Redshift. The Glue job uses the JDBC connection to Redshift. Recently, the job has been failing intermittently with the error: 'java.sql.SQLException: [Amazon](500310) Invalid operation: INSERT has more expressions than target columns;' The Glue job writes to a staging table in Redshift before performing a merge into the final table. The staging table schema matches the source data. The error occurs only on some days and affects different columns each time. The data engineer suspects that the source data occasionally contains extra columns due to a schema drift in the upstream data producer. Which approach should the data engineer take to handle this issue robustly?

Question 18mediummulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a Glue ETL job that reads from an S3 bucket and writes to a Redshift table. The job fails with a 'MemoryError' when processing a large dataset. Which TWO actions should the engineer take to resolve this issue? (Choose TWO.)

Question 19hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer applies the above S3 bucket policy to an S3 bucket used by a Glue ETL job. The Glue job writes objects to the bucket. Which of the following is true about the behavior of the policy?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

```json
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:PutObject",
        "s3:DeleteObject"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-bucket/*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "s3:x-amz-server-side-encryption": "AES256"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Deny",
      "Action": "s3:PutObject",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-bucket/*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringNotEquals": {
          "s3:x-amz-server-side-encryption": "aws:kms"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
```
Question 20easymultiple choice
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A company runs a nightly batch processing pipeline using AWS Glue ETL jobs. The pipeline reads data from an Amazon S3 bucket, transforms it, and writes results to an Amazon Redshift cluster. Recently, the data volume has increased significantly, and some Glue jobs are failing with the error 'java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space'. The data engineer needs to modify the job configuration to prevent these failures without changing the code. The job currently uses 10 DPUs and processes data in a single Spark DataFrame. Which of the following is the MOST effective solution?

Question 21mediumdrag order
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Order the steps to set up a Kinesis Data Analytics application for real-time stream processing.

Drag steps to the numbered slots on the right, or tap a step then tap a slot.

Steps
Order
1Step 1
2Step 2
3Step 3
4Step 4
5Step 5
Question 22mediumdrag order
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Arrange the steps to set up a streaming ETL pipeline using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to Amazon S3.

Drag steps to the numbered slots on the right, or tap a step then tap a slot.

Steps
Order
1Step 1
2Step 2
3Step 3
4Step 4
5Step 5
Question 23mediummatching
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Match each AWS data compression format to its typical use case.

Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.

Concepts
Matches

General-purpose, good compression ratio

Fast compression/decompression for real-time

Columnar storage with built-in compression

Optimized for Hive and large-scale analytics

High compression ratio, slower speed

Question 24mediummatching
Read the full Data Operations and Support explanation →

Match each AWS data analytics service to its primary function.

Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.

Concepts
Matches

Serverless SQL query on S3

Business intelligence and dashboards

Data lake setup and access control

Real-time SQL on streaming data

Query data in S3 from Redshift

Question 25easymultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that a nightly AWS Glue ETL job has been failing for the past three days with the error 'Unable to locate credentials'. The job uses an IAM role for execution. What is the most likely cause of this error?

Question 26mediummultiple choice
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A company runs a data pipeline using AWS Lambda to process records from an Amazon Kinesis Data Stream. Recently, the Lambda function has been experiencing high invocation errors and the stream is throttling. The function performs simple transformations and writes to Amazon S3. What is the most effective way to reduce throttling and errors?

Question 27hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a slow Amazon Redshift query that joins a large fact table with several dimension tables. The EXPLAIN plan shows a hash join on the distribution key, but the query still runs slowly. The fact table is distributed by KEY(column_x) and the dimension tables are distributed ALL. The engineer notices that the fact table has a high number of rows with the same value in column_x. What is the most likely cause of the slow performance?

Question 28mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon S3 to store large CSV files and runs Amazon Athena queries on them. The queries are becoming slower as data grows. A data engineer suggests converting the files to Apache Parquet format and partitioning the data. What is the primary benefit of converting to Parquet?

Question 29easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is running an AWS Glue ETL job that reads from an Amazon RDS MySQL database and writes to Amazon S3. The job fails with a 'Communications link failure' error. The security group for the RDS instance allows inbound traffic from the Glue job's security group. What is the most likely cause of the failure?

Question 30hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a critical data pipeline using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver data to Amazon S3. The data is compressed with GZIP and partitioned by year/month/day/hour. Recently, the delivery to S3 has been failing with 'Rate exceeded' errors. The Firehose delivery stream has a buffer size of 128 MB and buffer interval of 60 seconds. What is the most effective way to resolve this issue?

Question 31mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon EMR cluster running a Spark job. The job is processing a large dataset and the engineer notices that the cluster is using a high percentage of disk space on the core nodes. The job fails with 'No space left on device' error. What is the most effective way to resolve this issue without modifying the job logic?

Question 32easymultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon CloudWatch Logs to collect application logs from EC2 instances. The logs are exported to Amazon S3 for long-term storage. Recently, the export task failed with the error 'Access Denied'. What is the most likely cause of this failure?

Question 33hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue crawler that is not correctly inferring the schema of CSV files stored in Amazon S3. The files have headers, but the crawler is treating the header row as data. The crawler is configured with a custom classifier that has a CSV classifier with 'Column header' set to 'Use first row as header'. What is the most likely reason the crawler is not recognizing the header?

Question 34mediummulti select
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A company is using Amazon DynamoDB as a data store for a real-time application. The application reads a single item by primary key and occasionally updates it. The data engineer notices high read latency during peak hours. Which TWO actions would most effectively reduce read latency?

Question 35hardmulti select
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A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data is ingested from multiple sources and must be queryable using Amazon Athena. The engineer needs to optimize query performance and reduce costs. Which THREE actions would achieve this?

Question 36easymulti select
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A company is using AWS Glue ETL jobs to process data from Amazon S3 and write results back to S3. The jobs are failing intermittently with 'ThrottlingException' errors. Which TWO configurations would help reduce these errors?

Question 37mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a nightly ETL job that reads data from an RDS MySQL instance and writes to an S3 bucket in Parquet format. The job runs on an EMR cluster and uses PySpark. Recently, the job started failing with 'OutOfMemoryError' in the executor logs. The data volume has grown 30% in the last month. Which is the MOST efficient solution to resolve this issue without changing the code?

Question 38easymultiple choice
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A data engineer receives an alert that a Kinesis Data Stream has a 'WriteProvisionedThroughputExceeded' error. The stream has 5 shards with 1 MB/s write capacity per shard. The producer application is sending data at 8 MB/s sustained. What should the engineer do to resolve the issue?

Question 39hardmultiple choice
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A company ingests IoT sensor data into an S3 bucket. Daily, a Lambda function reads new objects, processes them, and writes results to a DynamoDB table. Recently, the Lambda function started timing out after 15 minutes. The data volume has increased, and the function processes records one by one. Which solution would improve performance without significant cost increase?

Question 40mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring a Redshift cluster that is experiencing slow query performance. The cluster has 4 dc2.large nodes. The engineer notices that disk space usage is at 85% across all nodes. Which action would MOST likely improve query performance?

Question 41easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is tasked with setting up a data pipeline that moves data from an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon S3 every hour. The network bandwidth is limited, and the engineer needs to ensure data consistency. Which AWS service should the engineer use?

Question 42hardmultiple choice
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A company uses a DynamoDB table with on-demand capacity for a gaming application. During a new game launch, the table experienced throttling errors. The engineer checks CloudWatch metrics and sees that the 'ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits' exceeded the 'ProvisionedWriteCapacityUnits' (on-demand uses the table's previous peak). The application is writing at 50,000 WCU but the table's peak was 30,000 WCU. What should the engineer do to resolve throttling?

Question 43mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an AWS Glue ETL job that processes data from an S3 bucket and writes to a Redshift table. The job completes successfully but takes longer than expected. The engineer notices that the job uses 10 DPUs and the data size is 500 GB. The job runs in standard mode. Which change would MOST reduce job duration?

Question 44easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to ensure that a Redshift cluster can recover from a failure with minimal data loss. The cluster is used for reporting and can tolerate a few minutes of downtime. Which feature should the engineer enable?

Question 45mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a Kinesis Data Analytics application that processes streaming data. The application is falling behind and has a high 'MillisBehindLatest' metric. The application uses a parallelism of 2. The source stream has 4 shards. What is the MOST likely cause and solution?

Question 46hardmulti select
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A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3 with sensitive data. The engineer needs to ensure that data at rest is encrypted and that access is logged for compliance. Which TWO actions should the engineer take? (Choose TWO.)

Question 47easymulti select
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A data engineer is migrating a legacy data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. The engineer needs to load data from multiple sources efficiently. Which THREE services can be used to load data into Redshift? (Choose THREE.)

Question 48mediummulti select
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A company runs a data processing pipeline on Amazon EMR. The pipeline reads data from S3, processes it with Spark, and writes results back to S3. The engineer notices that the cluster is underutilized and wants to reduce costs. Which TWO actions should the engineer take? (Choose TWO.)

Question 49easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue ETL job. The job reads from an S3 bucket and writes to an RDS MySQL database. The job fails with an 'Access Denied' error when trying to write to RDS. What is the most likely cause?

Question 50mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Kinesis Data Streams to ingest real-time clickstream data. The data is processed by a Lambda function that writes to an S3 bucket. Recently, the Lambda function has been failing with 'ProvisionedThroughputExceededException' errors. Which action should be taken to resolve this issue?

Question 51hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Redshift cluster and notices that queries are taking longer than expected. The engineer checks the system tables and sees that many queries are waiting for 'WLM' resources. What is the most likely cause and recommended fix?

Question 52mediummultiple choice
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A data pipeline using AWS Glue ETL jobs is failing intermittently with the error 'Rate exceeded' when writing to an Amazon Redshift cluster. Which action is MOST effective to resolve this issue?

Question 53easymultiple choice
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A company is using Amazon S3 as a data lake. Data is ingested hourly from multiple sources. The data engineer needs to ensure that once an object is written to S3, it cannot be overwritten or deleted for 30 days. Which S3 feature should be used?

Question 54mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is running a Spark job on Amazon EMR. The job reads from S3, processes data, and writes to S3. The job is taking longer than expected. The engineer notices that the job is spending a lot of time in the 'GC' (garbage collection) phase. Which configuration change is most likely to improve performance?

Question 55hardmultiple choice
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A team manages an Amazon DynamoDB table with on-demand capacity. Recently, they noticed increased throttling errors during peak hours. The table has a Lambda trigger that processes changes and writes to an S3 bucket. Which design change would BEST reduce throttling?

Question 56hardmultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) to migrate an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The migration completes successfully, but the data engineer notices that some tables have fewer rows in the target than the source. Which DMS setting should be checked to ensure full data migration?

Question 57easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to transfer 50 TB of data from an on-premises HDFS cluster to Amazon S3. The on-premises network has a 1 Gbps link to AWS. Which AWS service should be used to perform the transfer efficiently?

Question 58easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to transfer 10 TB of data from an on-premises data center to Amazon S3. The network bandwidth is limited to 100 Mbps, and the data transfer must be completed within 5 days. What is the most cost-effective solution?

Question 59mediummultiple choice
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An Amazon Kinesis Data Streams application is lagging behind. The data records are small (1 KB) and the shard count is 10. The consumer uses the KCL with default configuration. Which action will MOST effectively reduce the consumer lag?

Question 60mediummultiple choice
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A company is using Amazon Athena to query data stored in S3. Queries are failing with 'HIVE_INVALID_PARTITION' errors. What is the most likely cause?

Question 61hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a nightly Amazon EMR job that processes data from S3 and writes results back to S3. The job fails with 'OutOfMemoryError' in the reduce phase. The cluster currently uses 5 m5.xlarge instances. Which cost-effective change should the data engineer make?

Question 62hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver streaming data to an S3 bucket. The data is delivered in 5-minute intervals. However, the engineer notices that the data in S3 is often delayed by up to 30 minutes. Which configuration change would most likely reduce the delay?

Question 63easymultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance's CPU utilization is consistently above 90% during business hours. The database is used for reporting queries. Which action should be taken FIRST to improve performance?

Question 64easymulti select
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance. The engineer wants to set up alerts for high CPU utilization and low free storage space. Which AWS services can be used together to achieve this? (Choose TWO.)

Question 65mediummultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Lake Formation to manage data lake permissions. A data analyst cannot query a table in Athena, although the table appears in the catalog. The analyst has IAM permissions to run Athena. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 66mediummulti select
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A company is running a critical data pipeline using AWS Glue. The pipeline must be highly available and fault-tolerant. Which TWO strategies should the data engineer implement? (Choose TWO.)

Question 67mediummultiple choice
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A data pipeline uses AWS Step Functions to orchestrate multiple Lambda functions for data transformation. The pipeline occasionally fails with a 'StateMachineExecutionLimitExceeded' error. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 68hardmulti select
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A data engineer is designing an Amazon Redshift data warehouse for a high-traffic analytics workload. The engineer needs to ensure fast query performance and minimize data movement. Which THREE design decisions should be made? (Choose THREE.)

Question 69easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to monitor the number of Amazon S3 PUT requests that result in a 403 AccessDenied error. Which CloudWatch metric and dimension should be used?

Question 70easymultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer is troubleshooting an IAM policy attached to a user who cannot list objects in the S3 bucket 'example-bucket'. What is the most likely reason?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.
```
[
  {
    "Effect": "Allow",
    "Action": [
      "s3:GetObject",
      "s3:ListBucket"
    ],
    "Resource": [
      "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket",
      "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"
    ]
  }
]
```
Question 71mediummultiple choice
Read the full Data Operations and Support explanation →

Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer runs a Glue ETL job that reads from a CSV file and writes to a Redshift table. The job fails with the error shown. What is the most likely cause?

Network Topology
aws glue get-job-runjob-name my-etl-jobrun-id 12345Refer to the exhibit.```"JobRun": {"Id": "12345","JobRunState": "FAILED","StartedOn": "2023-01-15T10:00:00Z","CompletedOn": "2023-01-15T10:05:00Z"
Question 72hardmultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer is configuring an AWS Lambda function to process records from a Kinesis stream. The function is set up with an event source mapping, but no records are being processed. The Lambda function's IAM role has the policy shown. What is the most likely reason for the issue?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.
```
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "lambda:InvokeFunction"
      ],
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:123456789012:function:my-function"
      ]
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "kinesis:DescribeStream",
        "kinesis:GetRecords",
        "kinesis:GetShardIterator",
        "kinesis:ListShards"
      ],
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:kinesis:us-east-1:123456789012:stream/my-stream"
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```
Question 73easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue ETL job that fails with a memory error when processing a large dataset. Which approach can help reduce memory usage?

Question 74hardmulti select
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A company runs a data processing pipeline using Amazon EMR with Spark. The pipeline reads from S3, processes data, and writes to S3. Recently, the job started failing with 'S3AccessDeniedException' even though the EMR role has appropriate S3 permissions. Which TWO actions should the data engineer take to resolve this issue? (Choose TWO.)

Question 75mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest real-time clickstream data. The data is consumed by a Lambda function that writes to an S3 bucket. Recently, the Lambda function started timing out. Which step should be taken to resolve this issue?

Question 76mediummulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue job that fails with 'java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space'. The job processes a large dataset. Which TWO configuration changes should the engineer consider to resolve this issue? (Choose TWO.)

Question 77hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline that uses AWS Glue to process data from an RDS MySQL database. The pipeline must capture only incremental changes (inserts and updates) and run every hour. Which approach is most cost-effective and reliable?

Question 78mediummulti select
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver streaming data to Amazon S3. The delivery stream is failing with 'Insufficient capacity' errors. Which THREE actions should the data engineer take to resolve this issue? (Choose THREE.)

Question 79mediummultiple choice
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A company runs a Redshift cluster and notices that query performance has degraded over time. The data engineer suspects that table statistics are stale. What should the engineer do to improve query performance?

Question 80mediummultiple choice
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A data pipeline uses AWS Glue to process data from Amazon S3. The job fails with an 'OutOfMemoryError' during the transformation phase. Which action should the data engineer take to resolve this issue?

Question 81easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon EMR cluster and notices that the cluster is running out of disk space on the core nodes. Which action can be taken to resolve this issue?

Question 82hardmultiple choice
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A company runs an Amazon Redshift cluster for analytics. During peak hours, query performance degrades significantly. The data engineer notices that disk space usage is above 80% on many nodes. Which of the following is the MOST effective long-term solution to improve query performance?

Question 83hardmultiple choice
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A company has an S3 data lake with millions of objects. A data engineer needs to provide a daily report of objects that are not accessed for 90 days. The engineer must minimize cost and impact on performance. Which approach should be used?

Question 84easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to monitor Amazon DynamoDB table metrics to detect throttled requests. Which CloudWatch metric should the engineer set an alarm on?

Question 85easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue Crawler. The crawler logs show 'Insufficient permissions to access S3 bucket'. What should the engineer do to resolve this?

Question 86mediummultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Kinesis Data Streams to ingest real-time data. The data engineer notices that the stream's 'WriteProvisionedThroughputExceeded' error occurs frequently during peaks. Which action should be taken to resolve this issue?

Question 87mediummultiple choice
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A company is using Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver data to an S3 bucket. The delivery stream is failing with 'S3 bucket access denied' errors. The bucket policy allows the Firehose service principal. What could be the issue?

Question 88hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue ETL job that reads from a JDBC source. The error log shows 'java.sql.SQLException: Connection timed out'. The job previously ran successfully. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?

Question 89hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is designing a solution to move data from an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon S3 using AWS DMS. The engineer needs to ensure that data changes are replicated continuously with minimal latency. Which DMS configuration is most appropriate?

Question 90easymultiple choice
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A company stores sensitive data in Amazon S3 and needs to ensure that data is encrypted at rest. Which AWS service can be used to manage the encryption keys?

Question 91mediummulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a slow-running Amazon Athena query on a large dataset stored in S3. The query scans many small files. Which TWO actions can improve query performance?

Question 92hardmulti select
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A company is running a Redshift cluster and wants to improve query performance for a frequently used dashboard. Which THREE approaches are recommended?

Question 93mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data is accessed frequently for the first 30 days, then rarely after that. Which lifecycle policy is MOST cost-effective?

Question 94easymulti select
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A data engineer is setting up a data pipeline using AWS Glue. The engineer wants to monitor job failures and receive notifications. Which TWO services can be used together for this purpose?

Question 95hardmultiple choice
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A company runs an Amazon EMR cluster with Spark jobs. One job fails with 'Container killed by YARN for exceeding memory limits'. The data engineer has already increased the executor memory. What is the NEXT best step to resolve the issue?

Question 96hardmultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer runs the command on an object in S3. The engineer expected the object to have a tag 'type=raw' but sees no metadata. What is the likely cause?

Network Topology
aws s3api head-objectbucket my-data-lakekey logs/2023/12/01/part-00000.json"LastModified": "2023-12-01T12:00:00Z","ContentLength": 1024,"ETag": "\"abc123\"","Metadata": {}
Question 97easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to automate the backup of an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database. Which AWS service can be used to schedule and manage the backups?

Question 98mediummultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer has attached this IAM policy to a user. The user reports being unable to upload files to my-bucket from an on-premises network with a public IP of 203.0.113.5. What is the issue?

Exhibit

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:PutObject",
                "s3:GetObject"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*",
            "Condition": {
                "IpAddress": {
                    "aws:SourceIp": "10.0.0.0/16"
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}
Question 99mediummulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a slow-running Amazon Athena query. The query scans a large amount of data. Which TWO actions can improve query performance? (Choose TWO.)

Question 100easymultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer runs this CloudWatch Logs Insights query on a log group but gets no results. What is the most likely reason?

Exhibit

CloudWatch Logs Insights query:
fields @timestamp, @message
| filter @message like /ERROR/
| sort @timestamp desc
| limit 20
Question 101hardmulti select
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A company is experiencing high costs from Amazon Redshift. The data engineer wants to optimize costs. Which THREE actions should the engineer take? (Choose THREE.)

Question 102mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that an AWS Glue ETL job processing data from Amazon S3 to Amazon Redshift has been failing intermittently with the error 'S3ServiceException: SlowDown'. Which action is MOST likely to resolve this issue?

Question 103mediummulti select
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A data engineer needs to ensure that data in an Amazon S3 bucket is not publicly accessible. Which TWO measures should the engineer implement? (Choose TWO.)

Question 104hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a data pipeline that ingests streaming data via Amazon Kinesis Data Streams, processes it with an AWS Lambda function, and stores results in Amazon DynamoDB. The Lambda function sometimes fails due to 'ProvisionedThroughputExceededException' on the DynamoDB table. Which combination of steps should a data engineer take to resolve this issue?

Question 105mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that an AWS Glue ETL job is failing with an OutOfMemory error when processing a large dataset. The job uses a Standard worker type. Which action is MOST effective to resolve this issue without changing the job script?

Question 106easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to troubleshoot a failed AWS Glue job that reads from an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The error log shows 'Communications link failure'. Which step should the engineer take FIRST?

Question 107hardmultiple choice
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A company uses AWS DMS to migrate a 2 TB Oracle database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The migration completes successfully, but data validation shows some tables have missing rows. The task is configured for ongoing replication using change data capture (CDC). What is the MOST likely cause of the missing rows?

Question 108mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon EMR to process large datasets stored in Amazon S3. The data engineer notices that EMR tasks are failing with 'DiskOutOfSpace' errors. The cluster uses m5.xlarge instances with 1 EBS volume of 64 GB. What is the MOST cost-effective solution to resolve this issue?

Question 109hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is optimizing an Amazon Redshift cluster that runs a nightly ETL workload. The engineer notices that the query performance degrades over the week and improves after a VACUUM operation. Which action should the engineer take to automate this maintenance and minimize impact on performance?

Question 110easymultiple choice
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A team uses Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics to process streaming data. They notice that the application's output is delayed. Which AWS service can be used to monitor the application's performance and identify bottlenecks?

Question 111easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue job that reads from an Apache Kafka topic using a Glue connector. The job fails with 'TimeoutException'. The Kafka cluster is in a VPC. Which step should the engineer take FIRST?

Question 112mediummultiple choice
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A company runs a daily batch process that reads data from Amazon S3, transforms it with AWS Glue, and loads it into Amazon Redshift. The process takes 6 hours, but the business requires completion within 4 hours. Which design change would MOST reduce runtime?

Question 113mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon S3 to store raw data files. An AWS Glue crawler creates metadata in the Data Catalog. The data engineer discovers that the crawler is not detecting new partitions after new data is added to the S3 bucket. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 114hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Step Functions workflow that calls a Lambda function to process data. The workflow sometimes fails with a 'StateMachineExecutionLimitExceeded' error. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 115hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Redshift cluster using Amazon CloudWatch. The engineer notices that the 'WriteThroughput' metric is consistently below the provisioned IOPS for the cluster's EBS volumes. The query performance is slower than expected. Which action is MOST likely to improve write performance?

Question 116easymultiple choice
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A company stores sensitive data in Amazon S3. To meet compliance requirements, they need to ensure that any data older than 1 year is automatically moved to a lower-cost storage class. Which S3 feature should they use?

Question 117easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue job that writes results to Amazon S3. The error log shows 'AccessDenied' when trying to list the bucket. Which IAM policy statement should the engineer add to the Glue job's role?

Question 118mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer uses Amazon EMR to run a Spark job that reads from S3 and writes to HDFS on the cluster. The job fails with an 'OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space' error in the executors. Which parameter adjustment should be made to resolve this?

Question 119mediummulti select
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A data engineer is designing a disaster recovery strategy for an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database that is used in a data pipeline. The database must have a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of less than 1 minute and a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of less than 5 minutes. Which TWO actions should the engineer take?

Question 120hardmulti select
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A company runs a data lake on Amazon S3 with AWS Glue and Amazon Athena. The data engineer notices that queries are slow and scanning large amounts of data. Which THREE actions should the engineer take to optimize query performance and reduce costs?

Question 121hardmultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Lake Formation to manage access to data in S3. A data analyst reports being unable to query a table in Amazon Athena, receiving an 'Access Denied' error. The analyst has SELECT permission on the table in Lake Formation. What additional configuration is MOST likely causing the issue?

Question 122easymulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an Amazon EMR cluster that has been running for several days. The cluster uses Amazon S3 as the data source and HDFS for intermediate storage. The engineer notices that some tasks fail with 'Java heap space' errors. Which TWO actions should the engineer take to resolve this issue?

Question 123easymultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Redshift for data warehousing. They notice that query performance has degraded over time. Which maintenance operation should be performed to improve performance?

Question 124hardmultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. An AWS Glue job is failing with 'AccessDenied' when trying to write to the 'data-lake-bucket' which is encrypted with an AWS KMS key. The IAM role used by the Glue job has the attached policy shown. What is the MOST likely cause of the failure?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

```
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:PutObject"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-bucket/*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:ListBucket"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-bucket"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:123456789012:key/abc123"
    }
  ]
}
```
Question 125mediummulti select
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A company uses Amazon DynamoDB as the primary data store for a web application. The application experiences high read latency. Which TWO actions can improve read performance?

Question 126mediummultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Lambda function that processes data from Amazon S3. The function is triggered by S3 events, but no logs appear in CloudWatch Logs. The engineer runs the AWS CLI command shown. What is the MOST likely reason for the missing logs?

Network Topology
$ aws logs describe-log-groupslog-group-name-prefix "/aws/lambda/data-processor"Refer to the exhibit.```"logGroups": ["logGroupName": "/aws/lambda/data-processor","creationTime": 1617000000000,"metricFilterCount": 0,"arn": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:123456789012:log-group:/aws/lambda/data-processor:*","storedBytes": 0,"retentionInDays": 7
Question 127hardmulti select
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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline that ingests data from multiple sources into Amazon S3, then processes it with AWS Glue and loads it into Amazon Redshift. Which THREE practices should be implemented to ensure data quality?

Question 128easymultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer runs the command on an Amazon S3 bucket used for data lake storage. The engineer is concerned about accidental overwrites of objects. What does the output indicate?

Network Topology
$ aws s3api get-bucket-versioningbucket my-data-bucketRefer to the exhibit.```"Status": "Enabled","MFADelete": "Disabled"
Question 129easymulti select
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A company is using AWS Glue to process data stored in Amazon S3. The Glue job runs successfully but takes longer than expected. Which TWO actions can reduce the job runtime?

Question 130mediummultiple choice
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A data engineering team uses AWS Glue ETL jobs to process data from Amazon S3. The jobs recently started failing with 'Access Denied' errors when writing to the output S3 bucket. What is the most likely cause?

Question 131mediummultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer sees this output from the AWS CLI for a failed Glue job. The job uses 10 workers of Standard type. What is the MOST appropriate action to resolve the OutOfMemoryError?

Network Topology
aws glue get-job-runjob-name my-etl-jobrun-id jr_12345output jsonRefer to the exhibit.```"JobRun": {"Id": "jr_12345","JobName": "my-etl-job","JobRunState": "FAILED","StartedOn": "2024-03-15T10:00:00Z","LastModifiedOn": "2024-03-15T11:30:00Z","ExecutionTime": 5400,"DPUSeconds": 108000,"WorkerType": "Standard","NumberOfWorkers": 10,"MaxCapacity": 10
Question 132easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to monitor the number of records processed by a Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream and set an alarm if the count drops below a threshold. Which CloudWatch metric should be used?

Question 133hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a Redshift cluster for analytics. The data engineering team notices that COPY commands from S3 are failing for large files (>1 GB) with the error 'S3ServiceException: SlowDown'. What is the most effective solution?

Question 134hardmultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. This IAM policy is attached to a user who is trying to read the object s3://data-bucket/confidential/report.csv. The user's principal tag 'role' is set to 'analyst'. What will happen when the user attempts to read the object?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

```
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:GetObject",
                "s3:PutObject",
                "s3:DeleteObject"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-bucket/*"
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:ListBucket"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-bucket"
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Deny",
            "Action": "s3:*",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-bucket/confidential/*",
            "Condition": {
                "StringNotEquals": {
                    "aws:PrincipalTag/role": "admin"
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}
```
Question 135mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a step function that orchestrates ETL jobs. The state machine fails with 'State Machine Execution Throttled' error. What should the engineer do to resolve this?

Question 136easymultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer runs this CLI command to check an object's metadata. The engineer wants to verify if the object is eligible for lifecycle transition to S3 Glacier based on its age. What additional information is needed?

Network Topology
$ aws s3api head-objectbucket my-bucketkey data/file.csvRefer to the exhibit.```"AcceptRanges": "bytes","LastModified": "2024-03-15T12:00:00Z","ContentLength": 1024000,"ETag": "\"abc123def456\"","ContentType": "text/csv","Metadata": {"archive": "true"
Question 137easymultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Athena to query data in S3. Recently, queries have become slow. The data is stored as CSV files in a partitioned table. What is the most effective way to improve query performance?

Question 138mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue ETL job that reads from an S3 bucket and writes to an Amazon Redshift table. The job fails with a permission error. Which IAM policy addition is MOST likely required for the Glue job's role?

Question 139hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a DMS task that is replicating data from an on-premises Oracle database to an RDS for MySQL instance. The task is failing with 'ORA-1555: snapshot too old' error. What is the best course of action?

Question 140easymultiple choice
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A company runs an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database and wants to capture change data (inserts, updates, deletes) to stream into Amazon Kinesis Data Streams for real-time processing. Which AWS service should be used to capture the changes directly from the database?

Question 141mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline that ingests streaming data from an IoT fleet using Kinesis Data Streams and processes it with a Lambda function. The Lambda function often times out when the data volume spikes. What is the most scalable solution?

Question 142hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink to process streaming data. The application reads from a Kinesis data stream and writes results to an S3 bucket. The application is consistently running out of memory and failing. The operator has already increased the Parallelism and TaskManager memory. What is the next BEST step to troubleshoot?

Question 143easymultiple choice
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A company stores sensitive customer data in an S3 bucket. The data engineer needs to ensure that all data is encrypted at rest. Which S3 feature should be enabled?

Question 144easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to export data from an Amazon DynamoDB table to Amazon S3 for archival purposes. The export should be a one-time operation and must not impact the read capacity of the table. Which approach meets these requirements?

Question 145mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is running a Glue ETL job that reads from a JDBC source and writes to S3 in Parquet format. The job is slow and the engineer notices that the number of DPUs used is low. What can be done to improve performance?

Question 146mediummulti select
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A data engineer is setting up a Redshift cluster and needs to ensure high availability. Which TWO actions should be taken?

Question 147mediummultiple choice
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A company is using Amazon Athena to query data in an S3 bucket. Queries are failing with the error 'HIVE_PATH_ALREADY_EXISTS'. The data is partitioned by year, month, day. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 148hardmulti select
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A company is using Amazon EMR to run Spark jobs. The jobs are failing due to memory issues. Which THREE configurations can help mitigate out-of-memory errors?

Question 149hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline that ingests millions of small JSON files (1-10 KB each) from an S3 bucket into Amazon Redshift. The current approach uses a Lambda function triggered by S3 events to call the Redshift COPY command for each file. This is causing high latency and throttling. Which alternative is MOST cost-effective and efficient?

Question 150easymulti select
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A data engineer needs to monitor the performance of an RDS for PostgreSQL database. Which THREE CloudWatch metrics are most useful for this purpose?

Question 151easymultiple choice
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A company runs an Amazon EMR cluster that processes data from S3 and writes results back to S3. The cluster uses Spot Instances for task nodes. Some tasks are failing due to Spot Instance interruptions. What is the BEST way to handle this without manual intervention?

Question 152hardmultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. An IAM policy is attached to an IAM role used by an application. The application needs to read objects from 'my-bucket' that have the tag 'classification=public'. The application account is 123456789012. However, the application is getting 'Access Denied' errors. What is the most likely reason?

Exhibit

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "s3:ExistingObjectTag/classification": "public"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Deny",
      "Action": "s3:*",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringNotEquals": {
          "aws:SourceAccount": "123456789012"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
Question 153mediummultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Glue DataBrew to clean and transform data. A data engineer notices that a DataBrew recipe step that should remove duplicates is not working as expected. The dataset has millions of rows. What is the MOST likely reason?

Question 154mediummultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer sees this error in CloudWatch Logs from an AWS Glue ETL job. The job reads from an S3 location that contains both .parquet and .csv files. What is the most likely cause?

Exhibit

2024-01-15T10:30:00Z ERROR 123456789012 i-0abcd1234efgh5678 {"errorCode": "InvalidS3ObjectException", "errorMessage": "The specified S3 object is not a valid Parquet file."}
Question 155mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to monitor the number of records processed by an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application and trigger an alarm if the count drops below a threshold over 5 minutes. Which CloudWatch metric should be used?

Question 156hardmultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A CloudFormation template is used to create a DynamoDB table. After creation, a data engineer wants to restore the table to a point in time from 3 hours ago. Which action is required?

Exhibit

Resources:
  MyTable:
    Type: AWS::DynamoDB::Table
    Properties:
      TableName: !Ref TableName
      AttributeDefinitions:
        - AttributeName: pk
          AttributeType: S
        - AttributeName: sk
          AttributeType: S
      KeySchema:
        - AttributeName: pk
          KeyType: HASH
        - AttributeName: sk
          KeyType: RANGE
      BillingMode: PAY_PER_REQUEST
      PointInTimeRecoverySpecification:
        PointInTimeRecoveryEnabled: true
      SSESpecification:
        SSEEnabled: true
Question 157mediummulti select
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Which TWO actions should a data engineer take to optimize Amazon S3 query performance for Amazon Athena when dealing with large Parquet files? (Choose 2.)

Question 158mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a nightly ETL job that extracts data from an Amazon RDS MySQL instance and loads it into an Amazon S3 bucket in Parquet format. The job runs on an Amazon EMR cluster and has been failing with the error 'Access Denied' when writing to S3. The IAM role attached to the EMR cluster has permissions for S3 PutObject. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 159hardmulti select
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Which THREE considerations are important when designing a data pipeline that uses AWS Glue to process streaming data from Amazon Kinesis Data Streams? (Choose 3.)

Question 160easymultiple choice
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A company runs a data pipeline on AWS Glue that processes streaming data from Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and writes results to an Amazon Redshift cluster. The pipeline has been running smoothly, but recently the Glue job started failing with 'ResourceNotFoundException' for the Redshift table. What should the data engineer check first?

Question 161easymulti select
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Which TWO AWS services can be used to schedule and orchestrate ETL workflows that involve multiple steps and dependencies? (Choose 2.)

Question 162hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application that processes real-time clickstream data. The application uses a Flink application with multiple operators. The engineer notices that the 'millisBehindLatest' metric is increasing steadily. Which action is MOST likely to reduce the lag?

Question 163mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is tasked with designing a disaster recovery solution for a data lake stored in Amazon S3. The data lake contains sensitive customer data that must be replicated to a different AWS Region. The engineer needs to ensure that all objects, including those with encryption using SSE-KMS, are replicated. Which solution meets the requirements?

Question 164mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue ETL job that reads from and writes to the S3 bucket 'example-bucket'. The job's IAM role has the policy shown in the exhibit. The job fails with an Access Denied error when writing to a prefix 'output/'. Which permission is MISSING?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

IAM Policy:
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:GetObject",
                "s3:PutObject"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "s3:ListBucket",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket"
        }
    ]
}
Question 165hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a data warehouse on Amazon Redshift. The data engineer notices that some queries are running slowly. Upon reviewing the system tables, the engineer finds that the 'svv_table_info' shows high 'unsorted' percentage for several large tables. What is the MOST effective action to improve query performance?

Question 166hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is running an AWS Glue ETL job that converts CSV files to Parquet. The job fails with the error shown in the exhibit. The input files are about 500 MB each. The job uses 5 workers of type G.1X (16 GB memory each). What is the MOST likely cause?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

CloudWatch Logs log group: /aws/glue/jobs/error
Log stream: job-run-12345
Log event:
2024-01-15T10:30:45.000Z ERROR [Executor task launch worker for task 0.0 in stage 0.0 (TID 0)] : java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
2024-01-15T10:30:45.001Z ERROR [Executor task launch worker for task 0.0 in stage 0.0 (TID 0)] : at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.FileFormatWriter$WriteTask.execute(FileFormatWriter.scala:247)
Question 167easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline that ingests data from an on-premises database into Amazon S3 using AWS Database Migration Service (DMS). The data must be encrypted at rest in S3 using SSE-S3. The engineer also needs to track changes to the source database in real time. Which DMS configuration should the engineer use?

Question 168easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is investigating why Amazon Athena queries on the 'my-data-lake' bucket are slow. The table is partitioned by year/month/day. The exhibit shows the objects in one partition. What is the MOST likely cause of poor query performance?

Network Topology
$ aws s3api list-objectsbucket my-data-lakeprefix logs/2024/01/15/$ aws s3api head-objectkey logs/2024/01/15/app.logquery "Contents[?Size<`100`].Key"output textRefer to the exhibit.logs/2024/01/15/app.loglogs/2024/01/15/error.log"ContentLength": 50,"ContentType": "application/octet-stream","Metadata": {}
Question 169mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Athena to query data stored in an S3 bucket. The data is partitioned by year, month, day, and hour. The data engineer notices that queries are scanning a large amount of data even with a WHERE clause on the partition columns. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 170mediummultiple choice
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A data engineering team notices that an Amazon Kinesis Data Stream is frequently exceeding its shard write throughput limit, causing throttling. The team needs a long-term solution to handle variable write traffic without manual intervention. Which action should the team take?

Question 171hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Redshift cluster and notices that the 'WLM query wait time' metric is consistently high during peak hours. The cluster uses automatic WLM. The engineer wants to reduce query wait times without changing the cluster size. Which action is MOST effective?

Question 172hardmultiple choice
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A data pipeline uses AWS Glue ETL jobs to process data from Amazon RDS for MySQL to Amazon S3. Recently, the jobs have been failing with the error 'Communications link failure' during the connection phase. The RDS instance is in a private subnet, and the Glue job uses a VPC endpoint for S3. What is the most likely cause?

Question 173mediummultiple choice
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A company runs a data pipeline that uses AWS Glue to process data from an Amazon DynamoDB table and write results to Amazon S3. The Glue job runs on a schedule every hour. Recently, the job started failing intermittently with 'ProvisionedThroughputExceededException' errors from DynamoDB. What is the BEST solution?

Question 174easymultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon S3 to store raw data and AWS Lambda to process files as they arrive. The Lambda function sometimes times out when processing large files. The team wants to improve reliability and scalability. Which approach should the team take?

Question 175hardmulti select
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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline that ingests JSON data from Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and processes it using AWS Lambda. The Lambda function writes the processed data to an Amazon S3 bucket. The engineer needs to ensure at-most-once processing semantics. Which TWO configurations should the engineer implement? (Choose two.)

Question 176hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer runs an AWS Glue Crawler that updates a table in the AWS Glue Data Catalog. The table is used by Amazon Athena queries. After the crawler runs, some queries start failing with the error 'HIVE_CANNOT_OPEN_SPLIT'. What is the most likely cause?

Question 177mediummulti select
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A company uses Amazon EMR to run Spark jobs on data stored in Amazon S3. The data engineer notices that the jobs are running slower than expected. The engineer suspects that the S3 storage class might be affecting performance. Which THREE factors can impact read performance from S3? (Choose three.)

Question 178mediummultiple choice
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A team uses Amazon Redshift for analytics. They notice that some queries are slow and the system shows high disk usage. The team wants to improve query performance without adding more nodes. Which action should they take first?

Question 179easymulti select
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A data engineer is setting up a new Amazon Redshift cluster for a data warehouse. The engineer wants to ensure data durability and high availability. Which THREE features should the engineer consider? (Choose three.)

Question 180easymultiple choice
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A company uses AWS DMS to migrate data from an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The migration completes successfully, but the target database has inconsistent data. What should the team do to ensure data consistency?

Question 181mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue job that writes data to an S3 bucket. The IAM role attached to the Glue job has the policy shown in the exhibit. The job fails when writing to the 'secrets/' prefix but succeeds when writing to other prefixes. What is the reason for the failure?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.
```
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:PutObject"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Deny",
      "Action": "s3:PutObject",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/secrets/*"
    }
  ]
}
```
Question 182hardmultiple choice
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A data pipeline uses Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver data to an Amazon S3 bucket. The delivery stream is configured with a buffer size of 5 MB and a buffer interval of 60 seconds. The team notices that the S3 objects are much smaller than 5 MB. What is the most likely explanation?

Question 183hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is investigating a failed AWS Glue job. The engineer runs the CLI command shown in the exhibit to retrieve the latest log stream. The output shows storedBytes: 0. What does this indicate?

Network Topology
aws logs describe-log-streamslog-group-name "/aws/glue/jobs"order-by LastEventTimedescendinglimit 1Refer to the exhibit.```"logStreams": ["logStreamName": "error-stream-2024-03-15-10-30","creationTime": 1710491400000,"firstEventTimestamp": 1710491405000,"lastEventTimestamp": 1710491420000,"lastIngestionTime": 1710491430000,"uploadSequenceToken": "495...","arn": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:123456789012:log-group:/aws/glue/jobs:log-stream:error-stream-2024-03-15-10-30","storedBytes": 0
Question 184mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer runs an AWS Glue ETL job that reads from an S3 bucket containing JSON files. The job fails with an error indicating that some records are malformed. The engineer wants to skip the malformed records and continue processing. Which approach should the engineer take?

Question 185easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is configuring an S3 bucket for a data lake. The engineer runs the command shown in the exhibit. What does the output indicate about the bucket?

Network Topology
$ aws s3api get-bucket-versioningbucket my-data-lakeRefer to the exhibit.```"Status": "Enabled","MFADelete": "Disabled"
Question 186mediummultiple choice
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A data engineering team notices that an AWS Glue ETL job fails intermittently with a 'ThrottlingException' error. The job reads from an Amazon S3 bucket and writes to an Amazon Redshift table. What is the MOST likely cause of this error?

Question 187easymultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon EMR to run Spark jobs on a transient cluster. The jobs process data from S3 and write results back to S3. The team wants to reduce costs by optimizing the cluster. Which action should the team take?

Question 188hardmultiple choice
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A company runs an Amazon DynamoDB table with on-demand capacity. A new reporting application performs frequent Scan operations on the table, causing occasional 'ProvisionedThroughputExceededException' errors. The operations team needs to resolve this with minimal cost. What should they do?

Question 189hardmulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue ETL job that reads from an S3 bucket. The job logs show the following error: 'java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Class org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.S3AFileSystem not found'. Which TWO actions will resolve this issue?

Question 190easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. The stream is configured to deliver data to an Amazon S3 bucket. The error log shows: 'The destination S3 bucket's bucket policy does not allow the firehose to put objects.' What is the MOST likely issue?

Question 191mediummulti select
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A company uses Amazon RDS for MySQL as a source for AWS DMS. The replication tasks are failing due to large transactions on the source. The team wants to reduce the impact of large transactions on DMS. Which THREE actions should the team take?

Question 192hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Redshift for data warehousing. They notice that queries are running slowly, and the STL_LOAD_ERRORS table shows many 'Parse error' entries. The data is loaded from Amazon S3 using COPY commands. What is the MOST likely cause of the parse errors?

Question 193easymulti select
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A data engineer is monitoring Amazon CloudWatch metrics for an Amazon Redshift cluster and notices high CPU utilization. The engineer wants to reduce CPU usage. Which TWO actions should the engineer take?

Question 194mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Kinesis Data Stream and notices that the 'WriteProvisionedThroughputExceeded' metric is frequently elevated. The stream has 5 shards and is used by multiple producers. What is the BEST action to resolve this issue?

Question 195mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that an AWS Glue ETL job that processes streaming data from Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is failing intermittently with a 'ResourceNotFoundException' error for the Kinesis stream. The job has been running successfully for weeks. Which action should the engineer take to resolve the issue?

Question 196mediummultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Glue to run ETL jobs on a schedule. Recently, a job failed with the error: 'AnalysisException: cannot resolve '`column_name`' given input columns: ...'. The job reads from an Amazon S3 source that has a schema defined in the AWS Glue Data Catalog. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 197easymultiple choice
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A company uses AWS DMS to replicate data from an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The full load completes successfully, but ongoing replication (CDC) is failing with a 'Failed to add supplemental logging' error. What should the data engineer do to resolve this issue?

Question 198easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to back up an Amazon DynamoDB table daily. The backup must be restorable to a specific point in time within the last 24 hours. Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Question 199hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a critical PostgreSQL database on Amazon RDS. The database experiences high read latency during peak hours. The data engineer needs to reduce read latency with minimal changes to the application. Which solution is MOST effective?

Question 200hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Redshift cluster and notices that some queries are experiencing high disk usage and slow performance. The engineer wants to identify the queries that are causing the most disk spills to temporary files. Which system table should the engineer query to get this information?

Question 201mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a data pipeline that uses Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver data to Amazon S3. The engineer notices that the S3 bucket contains many small files (less than 1 MB). This is causing performance issues in downstream processing. What is the BEST way to reduce the number of small files?

Question 202mediummultiple choice
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A company is running an Amazon EMR cluster with Spark for data processing. The data engineer wants to automatically scale the core and task nodes based on the YARN memory and CPU utilization. Which scaling metric should the engineer use for the EMR managed scaling policy?

Question 203mediummulti select
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A data engineer is using Amazon EMR to process large datasets. The cluster uses a mix of Spot Instances and On-Demand Instances. The engineer wants to reduce costs while ensuring the job can complete even if Spot Instances are reclaimed. Which TWO actions should the engineer take? (Choose two.)

Question 204hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue job that reads from an Apache Hive metastore in an Amazon EMR cluster. The error message indicates 'ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException'. The Glue job uses a custom Python shell script. What is the most likely cause of this error?

Question 205hardmulti select
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A company uses Amazon S3 to store sensitive data. The security team requires that all data in transit between on-premises applications and S3 be encrypted. The data engineer must implement a solution that meets this requirement without changing the applications. Which TWO solutions should the engineer consider? (Choose two.)

Question 206easymultiple choice
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A company stores sensitive data in Amazon S3 and uses AWS Lake Formation to manage fine-grained access control. A data engineer notices that users are able to access data in S3 directly via the AWS Management Console, bypassing Lake Formation permissions. What should the engineer do to enforce Lake Formation access controls for all access methods?

Question 207easymulti select
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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline that processes streaming data. The pipeline must be able to handle duplicate records and ensure exactly-once processing semantics. Which THREE AWS services or features should the engineer consider? (Choose three.)

Question 208mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is running an Amazon Athena query that scans a large amount of data in Amazon S3, resulting in high costs. The data is stored in Parquet format in a partitioned table. Which strategy would be MOST effective in reducing the amount of data scanned?

Question 209hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer has attached the IAM policy shown in the exhibit to a role used by an AWS Glue ETL job. The job fails when trying to write to the S3 bucket 'example-bucket' with the error: 'Access Denied'. What is the MOST likely reason?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

IAM Policy:
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:PutObject"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "s3:ListBucket",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket"
    }
  ]
}
Question 210hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon DynamoDB as the primary data store for a real-time application. The data engineer observes that some read requests are returning stale data, even though the application uses strongly consistent reads. The table has auto-scaling enabled with a maximum read capacity of 10,000 RCUs. The observed read traffic averages 8,000 RCUs but occasionally spikes to 12,000 RCUs. What is the most likely cause of the stale reads?

Question 211mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer sees the CloudWatch log entry in the exhibit for a Lambda function that processes data from an Amazon SQS queue. What is the MOST likely cause of the timeout?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

CloudWatch Logs Log Group: /aws/lambda/my-data-processor
Log Stream: 2025/01/15/[$LATEST]123456789abc
Log event:
2025-01-15T10:00:00.000Z 123456789abc ERROR Task timed out after 30.00 seconds
2025-01-15T10:00:00.000Z 123456789abc END RequestId: f1234567
2025-01-15T10:00:00.000Z 123456789abc REPORT RequestId: f1234567	Duration: 30001.23 ms	Billed Duration: 30000 ms	Memory Size: 128 MB	Max Memory Used: 64 MB
Question 212mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to implement a data pipeline that ingests data from an on-premises database using AWS DMS and loads it into Amazon S3 in Parquet format. The data should be encrypted at rest in S3 using a customer-managed KMS key. Which combination of actions should the engineer take? (Choose the correct course of action.)

Question 213easymultiple choice
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A data engineer creates an Amazon DynamoDB table using the CloudFormation snippet in the exhibit. The application writes 200 items per second to the table. The engineer notices that many write requests are being throttled. What is the MOST likely reason?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

CloudFormation template snippet:
"MyTable": {
  "Type": "AWS::DynamoDB::Table",
  "Properties": {
    "TableName": "Orders",
    "AttributeDefinitions": [
      {"AttributeName": "OrderID", "AttributeType": "S"}
    ],
    "KeySchema": [
      {"AttributeName": "OrderID", "KeyType": "HASH"}
    ],
    "ProvisionedThroughput": {
      "ReadCapacityUnits": 5,
      "WriteCapacityUnits": 5
    }
  }
}
Question 214mediummulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an Amazon Redshift cluster that has experienced a node failure. The engineer needs to ensure that the cluster is highly available and can withstand a single node failure without downtime. Which TWO actions should the engineer take?

Question 215easymultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that an Amazon S3 bucket policy is overly permissive. What is the best practice to restrict access while maintaining required permissions?

Question 216mediummultiple choice
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A data pipeline using AWS Glue jobs is failing with 'Insufficient capacity' errors for Spark executors. Which action should the data engineer take to resolve this?

Question 217hardmulti select
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A company is using Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics (now part of Amazon Managed Service for Apache Flink) for streaming data processing. The application is experiencing high latency and the data engineer wants to improve performance. Which THREE actions should the engineer consider? (Choose three.)

Question 218hardmultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Lake Formation to manage data lake permissions. A data engineer needs to grant a group of analysts SELECT permission on a set of tables in the 'analytics' database, but only for columns that are not classified as 'PII'. Which approach should the engineer use?

Question 219easymulti select
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A data engineer is setting up an AWS Glue job to process data from an Amazon S3 bucket. The job fails with an 'Access Denied' error. Which TWO IAM permissions are MOST likely missing from the Glue job's IAM role?

Question 220easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a slow Amazon Redshift query. The EXPLAIN plan shows a 'Seq Scan' on a large table. What is the most likely cause?

Question 221mediummultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer has an IAM policy attached to an IAM role used by an AWS Glue job. The Glue job reads from S3 bucket 'example-bucket' and writes to an S3 bucket 'output-bucket'. The job fails with an 'Access Denied' error when writing to 'output-bucket'. What is the MOST likely cause?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:PutObject"
      ],
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"
      ]
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "glue:StartJobRun",
        "glue:GetJobRun"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
Question 222mediummultiple choice
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A company uses AWS DMS to migrate data from an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. The migration is successful, but the ongoing replication task is experiencing high latency. Which configuration change is most likely to reduce latency?

Question 223hardmultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer is reviewing the configuration of an Amazon Redshift cluster. The engineer wants to ensure that the cluster can be restored to a point in time up to 35 days in the past. Based on the exhibit, what change is needed?

Network Topology
$ aws redshift describe-clusterscluster-identifier my-redshift-clusterRefer to the exhibit."Clusters": ["ClusterIdentifier": "my-redshift-cluster","NumberOfNodes": 4,"NodeType": "dc2.large","ClusterStatus": "available","Encrypted": true,"VpcId": "vpc-12345678","ClusterSubnetGroupName": "default","AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod": 1
Question 224hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline that ingests JSON files from an S3 bucket, transforms them using AWS Glue, and loads into Amazon Redshift. The data is updated daily, and the pipeline must handle late-arriving data from the previous day. Which approach minimizes reprocessing?

Question 225easymultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer sees this error log from an Amazon EC2 instance that is trying to access an S3 bucket in the us-west-2 region. The EC2 instance is in a VPC with a private subnet and no internet gateway. What is the MOST likely cause of this error?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

2024-03-15 10:23:45,678 ERROR [main] com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3Client : Unable to execute HTTP request: Connect to my-bucket.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com:443 [my-bucket.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/10.0.0.1] failed: connect timed out
Question 226easymultiple choice
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An Amazon CloudWatch alarm is configured to monitor the CPUUtilization of an EC2 instance. The alarm state is 'INSUFFICIENT_DATA'. What is the most likely cause?

Question 227easymultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that an AWS Glue ETL job is failing with a 'MemoryError' when processing a large dataset. Which approach should the engineer take to resolve this issue?

Question 228mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to set up a cross-account access for an S3 bucket so that users in Account B can read objects. The bucket in Account A has a bucket policy that grants access. What additional step is required?

Question 229mediummultiple choice
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A company runs a production Amazon Redshift cluster. The data engineering team notices that queries are running slowly during peak hours. The cluster's CPU utilization is consistently above 80%. Which action should the engineer take to improve query performance?

Question 230hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with a Lambda consumer. The Lambda function is failing with 'ProvisionedThroughputExceededException' when writing to a DynamoDB table. Which action should the data engineer take to resolve this without losing data?

Question 231hardmultiple choice
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A data pipeline uses AWS DMS to replicate data from an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon S3 in Parquet format. The pipeline has been running successfully for months, but recently the DMS task status shows 'failed' with the error: 'The source database is running out of archive log space.' Which action should the engineer take to prevent this error?

Question 232mediummulti select
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A data engineer needs to ensure that sensitive data stored in Amazon S3 is encrypted at rest. Which TWO options meet this requirement? (Choose TWO.)

Question 233hardmulti select
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A data engineer is designing a disaster recovery strategy for an Amazon RDS for MySQL database with Multi-AZ deployment. Which THREE actions should the engineer take to meet a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of 5 minutes and a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of 15 minutes? (Choose THREE.)

Question 234mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue job that reads from an Amazon RDS for MySQL table. The error message indicates 'java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver'. What is the most likely cause?

Question 235easymulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue job that reads from an S3 bucket and writes to an Amazon Redshift table. The error message indicates 'Access Denied'. Which TWO permissions are likely missing? (Choose TWO.)

Question 236hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest real-time clickstream data. A Lambda function processes each record. Recently, the Lambda function has been failing with 'ProvisionedThroughputExceededException' when writing results to a DynamoDB table. The data engineer has already increased the DynamoDB write capacity. What else can the engineer do to resolve the issue?

Question 237mediummultiple choice
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An IAM policy is attached to an IAM role used by an EC2 instance in the 10.0.0.0/8 VPC. The EC2 instance cannot read objects from the S3 bucket. What is the most likely cause?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "s3:GetObject",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*",
      "Condition": {
        "IpAddress": {
          "aws:SourceIp": "10.0.0.0/8"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
Question 238easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to grant an IAM user read-only access to an S3 bucket named 'data-lake-bucket'. Which IAM policy statement should be attached to the user?

Question 239hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer runs the above AWS CLI command to investigate who uploaded a file to an S3 bucket. The output shows the event was recorded. Which additional step is needed to confirm the identity of the user?

Network Topology
$ aws cloudtrail lookup-eventslookup-attributes AttributeKey=EventNamestart-time 2023-01-01T00:00:00Zend-time 2023-01-02T00:00:00ZRefer to the exhibit."Events": ["EventId": "abc123","EventName": "PutObject","ReadOnly": false,"Username": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/data-engineer","EventTime": "2023-01-01T12:00:00Z","Resources": [{"ResourceType": "AWS::S3::Object", "ResourceName": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/data/file.csv"}],"CloudTrailEvent": "..."
Question 240mediummultiple choice
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An AWS Glue job that performs data transformation on large Parquet files in Amazon S3 is taking a long time to complete. The job uses the default number of DPUs. Which change would most likely improve the job's performance?

Question 241easymultiple choice
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A data engineer has this IAM policy attached to their user. They are trying to create an Amazon EMR cluster with a custom service role 'EMR_CustomRole'. What will happen?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "iam:PassRole",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/EMR_DefaultRole"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "elasticmapreduce:*",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
Question 242hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Athena to query data in an S3 bucket. A data engineer notices that a query fails with the error: 'HIVE_CANNOT_OPEN_SPLIT: Error opening Hive split s3://bucket/path/file.parquet (Path does not exist)'. However, the file exists in S3. What is the most likely cause?

Question 243easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue ETL job that reads from an S3 bucket and writes to an Amazon Redshift table. The job logs show a permission error. Which IAM policy change would resolve the issue?

Question 244mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest real-time clickstream data. The consumer application is falling behind and the iterator age is increasing. Which action would most effectively improve throughput?

Question 245easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is designing a disaster recovery strategy for an Amazon Redshift data warehouse. The RPO (Recovery Point Objective) is 1 hour, and the RTO (Recovery Time Objective) is 2 hours. Which approach meets these requirements with the least operational overhead?

Question 246hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that an Amazon Athena query on a partitioned table in S3 scans more data than expected. The table is partitioned by year, month, day. The query includes a WHERE clause on a non-partition column but also filters on day='2023-01-01'. What is the most likely cause of the excessive data scan?

Question 247mediummulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a slow Amazon Redshift query. The query plan shows a large number of 'DS_DIST_ALL_INNER' and 'DS_BCAST_INNER' operations. Which TWO actions would likely improve query performance?

Question 248mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to set up a data pipeline that ingests CSV files from an S3 bucket, transforms them using AWS Glue, and loads the results into Amazon Redshift. The pipeline must handle schema evolution and data quality checks. Which combination of services is most appropriate?

Question 249hardmulti select
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A company runs an Amazon EMR cluster processing data from S3. The data engineer notices that the cluster's task nodes are underutilized while core nodes are fully utilized. Which TWO steps should the engineer take to improve resource utilization?

Question 250hardmultiple choice
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A company is running a critical Amazon RDS for MySQL database. They need to implement a backup strategy that allows point-in-time recovery (PITR) with a recovery time objective (RTO) of 15 minutes and a recovery point objective (RPO) of 5 minutes. Which solution meets these requirements?

Question 251easymulti select
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A data engineer is setting up a data pipeline to ingest streaming data from an IoT fleet. The data must be processed in near real-time and stored in Amazon S3 for analytics. Which THREE AWS services should the engineer consider using?

Question 252easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon EMR cluster and notices that one core node is running out of disk space. The cluster is running a Spark job that processes large Parquet files. What should the engineer do to prevent the issue?

Question 253mediummultiple choice
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A data pipeline uses AWS Glue to process data from Amazon S3 and write results to Amazon Redshift. The pipeline fails intermittently with the error 'S3ServiceException: Access Denied'. The IAM role used by Glue has permissions to read from the S3 bucket. What is the most likely cause of this error?

Question 254mediummultiple choice
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A company uses AWS DMS to migrate an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The migration is ongoing with continuous replication. The data engineer notices that the target Aurora database has a higher lag than expected. Which action would most likely reduce the lag?

Question 255easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data includes sensitive personally identifiable information (PII). Which combination of services would provide the most comprehensive data protection?

Question 256hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon DynamoDB as the primary data store for a high-traffic application. Recently, read latency has increased significantly. The DynamoDB table has on-demand capacity mode. Which action is MOST effective to reduce read latency?

Question 257hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a slow-running Amazon Redshift query. The query involves a large fact table with a distribution style of EVEN and a sort key on date. The table has 10 slices. The engineer notices that the query is performing a broadcast join with a small dimension table. Which change would most improve performance?

Question 258easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to monitor the number of records processed by an AWS Glue ETL job. Which CloudWatch metric should the engineer use?

Question 259mediummulti select
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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline using AWS Step Functions to orchestrate multiple AWS Glue ETL jobs. The pipeline must handle failures and retries. Which TWO configurations should the engineer use to ensure the pipeline is resilient? (Choose two.)

Question 260mediummultiple choice
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A company stores sensitive data in Amazon S3 and requires that all data be encrypted at rest. The data is accessed by multiple AWS services. Which solution meets the encryption requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Question 261hardmulti select
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for Apache Flink to process streaming data. The application is experiencing high latency and checkpoint failures. Which THREE actions should the data engineer take to improve performance and reliability? (Choose three.)

Question 262hardmultiple choice
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A data pipeline using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is experiencing high consumer lag. The stream has 10 shards. The consumer is an AWS Lambda function that processes each record and writes to Amazon DynamoDB. What is the MOST likely cause of the lag?

Question 263mediummulti select
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A data engineer is setting up Amazon CloudWatch alarms for an Amazon Redshift cluster. The engineer wants to be alerted when the disk space usage exceeds 80% for more than 5 minutes and when the CPU utilization exceeds 90% for more than 10 minutes. Which TWO CloudWatch metrics and conditions should the engineer use? (Choose two.)

Question 264easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to transform a large dataset stored in Amazon S3 using Apache Spark. The engineer wants to minimize startup time and use a serverless approach. Which AWS service should the engineer use?

Question 265hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is responsible for a data pipeline that uses Amazon S3 as a data lake, AWS Glue for ETL, and Amazon Athena for ad-hoc queries. The pipeline ingests CSV files from an external partner via SFTP into an S3 bucket. The files are then processed by a Glue job that converts them to Parquet and writes to a separate S3 bucket partitioned by date. The Glue job runs daily and is triggered by a scheduled CloudWatch Events rule. Recently, the data engineer noticed that some days the Glue job fails because of memory errors, and on those days the Athena queries that rely on the data return incomplete results. The engineer needs to ensure that the pipeline is resilient and that Athena queries always see a complete view of the data, even if the Glue job fails mid-run. The engineer also needs to minimize re-processing of data. Which course of action should the engineer take?

Question 266mediummultiple choice
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A company uses AWS DMS to migrate data from an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. After the migration, the data in Aurora is inconsistent with the source. The engineer needs to ensure ongoing replication with minimal downtime. Which solution should the engineer implement?

Question 267mediummultiple choice
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A data engineering team notices that an AWS Glue ETL job, which processes hourly data from an S3 bucket, is taking progressively longer to run. The job reads Parquet files partitioned by date and hour. Which action is MOST likely to improve the job's performance?

Question 268hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a time-series forecasting model that writes results to an S3 bucket every 5 minutes. A downstream ETL job reads this data, but sometimes fails because it encounters incomplete files (zero bytes). What is the MOST reliable way to ensure the ETL job only processes complete files?

Question 269hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue ETL job that fails with the error 'java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space'. The job processes a large number of small files in Amazon S3. Which action would MOST effectively resolve the issue?

Question 270easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to troubleshoot why an AWS Glue job is failing with a 'Insufficient Memory' error. The job processes a 10 GB dataset. Which step should the engineer take FIRST?

Question 271easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to schedule a daily ETL job that runs on Amazon EMR. The job should be triggered automatically and send an email on failure. Which AWS service should the engineer use to orchestrate the job?

Question 272mediummultiple choice
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A company is using Amazon Redshift for its data warehouse. A data engineer notices that COPY commands from S3 are failing intermittently with 'S3ServiceException: Access Denied'. The IAM role used by Redshift has the correct permissions. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 273mediummulti select
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A company runs a data lake on Amazon S3 with AWS Glue for ETL. The data is stored in Parquet format and partitioned by date. The data engineer notices that queries using Amazon Athena are scanning large amounts of data even when filtering on the partition column. Which TWO actions would improve query performance? (Choose TWO)

Question 274hardmultiple choice
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A data pipeline uses AWS Lambda to process records from an Amazon Kinesis Data Stream. The Lambda function is idempotent and runs once per record. Recently, the function started failing with 'ProvisionedThroughputExceededException' when writing to a DynamoDB table. Which action should the data engineer take to resolve this?

Question 275hardmulti select
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A data engineer is designing a disaster recovery plan for an Amazon Redshift data warehouse. The cluster is in us-east-1 and must be recoverable in us-west-2 with minimal data loss. Which THREE actions should the engineer take? (Choose THREE)

Question 276easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to set up a disaster recovery solution for an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The database must be available in another AWS Region with minimal data loss. What is the simplest approach?

Question 277easymulti select
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver streaming data to Amazon S3. The data must be transformed in real-time using a custom Lambda function. Which TWO steps are required to enable this? (Choose TWO)

Question 278mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon EMR to run Spark jobs on data stored in S3. After upgrading the EMR cluster to a new release, one of the Spark jobs fails with 'OutOfMemoryError' in the executor. Which configuration change is MOST likely to resolve this issue?

Question 279mediummultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. An IAM policy is attached to a user who needs to read objects from the 'example-bucket' S3 bucket. The user reports being unable to read any object under the 'confidential/' prefix. What is the reason for this access issue?

Exhibit

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "s3:GetObject",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Deny",
      "Action": "s3:GetObject",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/confidential/*"
    }
  ]
}
Question 280hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue ETL job that suddenly started failing with 'An error occurred while calling o103.pyWriteDynamicFrame. Unknown error'. The job writes data to an Amazon Redshift table. Which step should the engineer take FIRST?

Question 281hardmultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A company has an S3 bucket 'my-data-lake' with the lifecycle policy shown. Objects under the 'logs/' prefix are being moved to GLACIER after 30 days and expire after 365 days. A data engineer notices that objects older than 365 days are still present in the bucket and are not being deleted. What is the most likely cause?

Network Topology
aws s3api get-bucket-lifecycle-configurationbucket my-data-lake"Rules": ["ID": "Archive logs","Status": "Enabled","Filter": {"Prefix": "logs/"},"Transitions": ["Days": 30,"StorageClass": "GLACIER"],"Expiration": {"Days": 365
Question 282easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to monitor the number of records processed by an AWS Glue ETL job and send an alert if the count drops below a threshold. Which AWS service should be used to create this custom metric?

Question 283mediummultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer runs two queries on an Athena table partitioned by 'ds'. Both queries scan the same amount of data. What does this indicate?

Exhibit

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM my_table WHERE ds = '2023-01-01';

Query results:
1073741824 bytes scanned

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM my_table WHERE ds = '2023-01-01' AND product_id = 12345;

Query results:
1073741824 bytes scanned
Question 284mediummulti select
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A company's Amazon Redshift cluster is running slowly. The data engineer suspects that table design is the cause. Which TWO design practices can improve query performance? (Choose TWO.)

Question 285mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue ETL job that fails intermittently with the error 'Rate exceeded.' The job reads from an Amazon RDS for MySQL source and writes to Amazon S3. What is the MOST likely cause of this error?

Question 286hardmulti select
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A data engineer is designing an ETL pipeline that uses AWS Glue to process data from an Amazon DynamoDB table and write results to an S3 bucket in Parquet format. The pipeline must handle schema changes in the source DynamoDB table. Which THREE steps should the engineer take to ensure the pipeline handles schema evolution? (Choose THREE.)

Question 287easymulti select
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A data engineer needs to transfer 50 TB of data from an on-premises Hadoop cluster to Amazon S3. The network bandwidth is limited to 500 Mbps. Which TWO methods are appropriate for this transfer? (Choose TWO.)

Question 288hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Redshift for its data warehouse. During a routine audit, the data engineer discovers that some queries are returning stale data even though the underlying source data has been updated. The engineer confirms that the COPY command completes successfully and that no errors are reported. Which action should the engineer take to ensure queries reflect the latest data?

Question 289hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer at a financial services company manages an AWS Glue ETL pipeline that processes transaction data from Amazon S3 to Amazon Redshift for reporting. The pipeline runs every hour and uses a Glue job that reads Parquet files, performs transformations in Spark, and writes to Redshift using the JDBC connector. Recently, the job has been failing intermittently with the error: 'java.sql.BatchUpdateException: ERROR: null value in column "transaction_id" violates not-null constraint'. The data engineer has verified that the source Parquet files do contain non-null values for transaction_id. The job uses a DynamicFrame and applies a mapping to rename columns. The engineer also noticed that the failure occurs only during peak hours when there is high concurrency on Redshift. Which course of action should the engineer take to resolve this issue?

Question 290easymultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream is failing to deliver data to an Amazon S3 bucket. The engineer verifies that the S3 bucket exists and that the IAM role attached to the delivery stream has the necessary permissions. What is the MOST likely cause of the failure?

Question 291mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is responsible for a real-time data pipeline that ingests clickstream data from a website into Amazon Kinesis Data Streams, then processed by an AWS Lambda function that writes to an Amazon DynamoDB table for user session tracking. The Lambda function is idempotent and uses the DynamoDB PutItem API with a condition expression to avoid overwriting existing records. Over the past week, the engineer has observed an increase in DynamoDB write throttling (ProvisionedThroughputExceededException) during peak traffic hours. The DynamoDB table has on-demand capacity. The engineer checks the Lambda function's reserved concurrency and finds it set to 1000. The Kinesis stream has 10 shards. The Lambda function's batch size is set to 100. The engineer suspects that the retry behavior is causing duplicate writes and throttling. Which change should the engineer make to reduce throttling?

Question 292mediummultiple choice
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A company runs an Amazon EMR cluster with Spark jobs that process data from Amazon S3. The data engineer receives an alert that one of the Spark jobs failed with an OutOfMemoryError. The job processes large files and uses the default Spark configurations. Which configuration change is MOST likely to resolve the issue?

Question 293easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue ETL job that uses a Python shell script to extract data from an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database and load it into an Amazon Redshift table. The job runs successfully, but the data engineer notices that the row count in Redshift is consistently lower than the row count in PostgreSQL. The job uses a SELECT * query without any filtering. The data engineer suspects that some rows are being dropped during the transfer. The job uses the psycopg2 library to connect to PostgreSQL and the psycopg2 connection is configured with autocommit=True. The Redshift table has no constraints that would reject rows. What is the most likely cause of the missing rows?

Question 294hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer uses AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) to migrate an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora MySQL. The migration is successful, but the engineer notices that the target Aurora cluster has a higher CPU utilization than expected during the full load phase. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 295easymultiple choice
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A data engineer configured an AWS Glue job that reads from an S3 bucket and writes to an Amazon Redshift table. The job runs successfully, but the data in Redshift is missing some records that exist in S3. The engineer suspects the issue may be related to the job's bookmarks. What should the engineer do to ensure all records are processed?

Question 296easymultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to move data from an Amazon S3 bucket to an Amazon Redshift cluster on a daily schedule. The data is in CSV format and the target table already exists. Which AWS service should the engineer use to automate this task?

Question 297mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a Kinesis Data Analytics application that processes streaming data. The application is falling behind, and the metric 'MillisBehindLatest' is consistently above 60000. The source Kinesis stream has 10 shards, and the application uses a Flink application with default parallelism. What is the MOST likely cause of the lag?

Question 298mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon S3 to store sensitive data. The data engineer needs to ensure that all data in transit between the S3 bucket and clients is encrypted. Which configuration should the engineer implement?

Question 299hardmultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. An IAM policy is attached to an IAM user. The user is trying to upload an object to 's3://data-lake-bucket/confidential/report.pdf' using the AWS CLI. The upload fails with an AccessDenied error. What is the reason for the failure?

Exhibit

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:PutObject"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-bucket/*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Deny",
      "Action": "s3:*",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-bucket/confidential/*"
    }
  ]
}
Question 300easymultiple choice
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A company runs a data pipeline that uses AWS Lambda to process files uploaded to an S3 bucket. Recently, some files have been processed multiple times. The Lambda function is triggered by S3 event notifications. What is the MOST likely cause of duplicate processing?

Question 301hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Kinesis Data Streams application that processes real-time events. The application uses a Kinesis Client Library (KCL) consumer. The engineer notices that the consumer is lagging behind the producer, and the lag is increasing over time. The stream has 10 shards. Which action will MOST effectively reduce the lag?

Question 302mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer needs to set up a data catalog for a new data lake in AWS Glue. The data resides in S3 in Parquet format. The engineer wants to ensure that the schema is automatically detected and updated when new columns are added to the data. Which configuration should the engineer use?

Question 303easymultiple choice
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A data engineer has set up an AWS Lambda function that processes files uploaded to an S3 bucket. The function is triggered by S3 event notifications. However, the function is not being invoked when a file is uploaded. The engineer checks the Lambda function's CloudWatch Logs and finds no execution logs. What should the engineer check FIRST?

Question 304hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon EMR to run Spark jobs on a transient cluster. The jobs are submitted via a step in the cluster. The cluster is configured to auto-terminate after the last step completes. However, the cluster is not terminating even though the step shows as 'COMPLETED'. What could be the cause?

Question 305mediummulti select
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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline that ingests streaming data from an IoT device fleet. The data must be processed in near real-time and stored in Amazon S3 for long-term analytics. Which TWO AWS services should the engineer use together to achieve this?

Question 306easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Redshift cluster and notices that the disk space usage is increasing rapidly. The engineer wants to reclaim space from deleted rows. Which command should the engineer run?

Question 307hardmulti select
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a slow-running Amazon Redshift query. The query joins several large tables and performs aggregations. The engineer runs EXPLAIN and sees a 'DS_DIST_ALL' step. Which TWO actions will MOST likely improve query performance? (Choose TWO.)

Question 308mediummultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. This log snippet is from a failed AWS Glue job. The job processes a large dataset in memory. What is the MOST likely cause of the OutOfMemoryError?

Exhibit

2024-05-10T12:00:00Z ERROR 1234567890 Job failed: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
2024-05-10T12:01:00Z INFO  1234567890 Job terminated with exit code 1
Question 309mediummulti select
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A company uses Amazon S3 to store data for analytics. The data engineer needs to ensure that the S3 bucket is protected against accidental deletion of objects. Which THREE actions should the engineer take? (Choose THREE.)

Question 310easymulti select
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Which TWO actions are effective ways to monitor the health of an Amazon DynamoDB table? (Choose two.)

Question 311hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer creates an IAM policy as shown in the exhibit. The engineer then attaches this policy to an IAM role used by an application that uploads objects to the S3 bucket 'my-bucket'. When the application uploads an object without specifying server-side encryption, what happens?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "s3:PutObject",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "s3:x-amz-server-side-encryption": "AES256"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
Question 312mediummulti select
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Which THREE are best practices for managing data in Amazon S3 for a data lake? (Choose three.)

Question 313mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer runs an AWS Glue ETL job that transforms data in Amazon S3. The job fails with the error shown in the exhibit. Which action will MOST likely fix the issue?

Network Topology
$ aws glue get-job-runjob-name my-ETL-jobrun-id abc123Refer to the exhibit."JobRun": {"Id": "abc123","Attempt": 0,"JobName": "my-ETL-job","JobRunState": "FAILED","StartedOn": "2024-08-01T12:00:00Z","CompletedOn": "2024-08-01T12:30:00Z","WorkerType": "G.1X","NumberOfWorkers": 2
Question 314hardmulti select
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Which TWO are valid approaches to troubleshoot a slow Amazon Redshift query? (Choose two.)

Question 315easymultiple choice
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A data engineer uses AWS CloudTrail to investigate a security incident. The engineer runs the command shown in the exhibit. What does the output indicate?

Network Topology
$ aws cloudtrail lookup-eventslookup-attributes AttributeKey=ResourceNameRefer to the exhibit."Events": ["EventId": "abc123","EventName": "PutObject","EventTime": "2024-08-01T10:00:00Z","Username": "my-iam-user","Resources": [{"ResourceType": "AWS::S3::Object", "ResourceName": "arn:aws:s3:::my-data-bucket/sales_2024-07-01.csv"}],"CloudTrailEvent": "{\"requestParameters\":{\"bucketName\":\"my-data-bucket\",\"key\":\"sales_2024-07-01.csv\"}}"
Question 316hardmulti select
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Which THREE are valid considerations when troubleshooting data loss in an AWS Glue ETL job? (Choose three.)

Question 317hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a data pipeline that ingests user activity logs from an API gateway into an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. The Firehose stream writes data to an S3 bucket. The data is then processed by a scheduled AWS Glue job that runs every hour. Recently, the company noticed that the data in S3 is incomplete: some logs from the API are missing. The Glue job processes all files in the S3 bucket. The Firehose stream has a buffer size of 5 MB and a buffer interval of 60 seconds. The API sends data at a rate of approximately 2 MB per minute. What should the company do to reduce data loss?

Question 318easymultiple choice
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A data engineer notices that an AWS Glue ETL job is failing intermittently with the error 'Connection refused'. The job reads from Amazon RDS for MySQL and writes to Amazon S3. What is the MOST likely cause?

Question 319mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is managing an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance that serves as a source for change data capture (CDC) using AWS DMS. The DMS task is a full load followed by ongoing replication. The full load completed successfully, but the ongoing replication is failing with the error 'Value too long for character type'. The engineer has verified that the target database schema matches the source. The source table has a VARCHAR(256) column, and the target has VARCHAR(256) as well. However, some source rows contain values longer than 256 characters. What should the engineer do to resolve the issue?

Question 320mediummultiple choice
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A company is ingesting streaming data from thousands of IoT devices into Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. The data is processed by a Kinesis Data Analytics application. Recently, the application started reporting high iterator age (millisBehindLatest). Which action would BEST reduce the iterator age?

Question 321easymultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon S3 to store raw data and AWS Glue to run ETL jobs. The data is partitioned by date in the format 'year=YYYY/month=MM/day=DD'. A new data source started sending data with a different date format 'YYYY-MM-DD'. The Glue crawler is configured to create a single table for the entire bucket. The crawler runs daily, but it is not detecting the new partitions from the new data source. The existing partitions are in the format 'year=2024/month=05/day=10', while the new data is stored as '2024-05-10/' without the key-value structure. How should the engineer modify the data pipeline to include the new data?

Question 322hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a slow Amazon Redshift query. The query scans a large table with interleaved sort keys. The engineer notices that the query plan shows a sequential scan instead of a range-restricted scan. What is the MOST likely reason?

Question 323mediummultiple choice
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A data engineering team uses Amazon S3 to store raw data files. They have an AWS Glue ETL job that reads from an S3 bucket, transforms the data, and writes to a Redshift cluster. The job runs daily and has been failing intermittently with the error: 'An error occurred while calling o143.pyWriteDynamicFrame. S3 Access Denied'. The team has confirmed that the IAM role used by the Glue job has s3:GetObject and s3:PutObject permissions on the bucket and all objects. The Redshift cluster is in the same VPC and the Glue connection is configured correctly. What is the most likely cause of the failure?

Question 324easymultiple choice
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A company runs a daily batch processing job on Amazon EMR that reads data from Amazon S3 and writes results back to S3. The job takes longer than expected. The engineer wants to monitor the job's resource utilization. Which AWS service should be used to collect and visualize metrics such as CPU and memory usage of the EMR cluster's nodes?

Question 325hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest clickstream data. The data is consumed by an AWS Lambda function that processes each record and writes to an Amazon DynamoDB table. Recently, the Lambda function has been failing with 'ProvisionedThroughputExceededException' from DynamoDB. The Lambda function uses the AWS SDK to batch write items in batches of 25. The DynamoDB table has on-demand capacity mode. The stream has 10 shards, and the Lambda function is configured with a batch size of 100 and 5 concurrent invocations per shard. What step should the team take to resolve the issue?

Question 326mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline that processes sensitive personal data. The data is ingested via Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose and stored in Amazon S3. The pipeline must ensure that the data is encrypted at rest and in transit. The engineer also needs to audit access to the data. Which combination of services meets these requirements?

Question 327easymultiple choice
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A data analyst needs to query a large Amazon S3 bucket containing CSV files using Amazon Athena. The bucket has millions of small files (less than 1 MB each). The analyst reports that queries are very slow and often time out. The data is partitioned by date and the partition columns are defined in the table. What is the most effective way to improve query performance?

Question 328hardmultiple choice
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An Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance is experiencing high CPU utilization and slow query performance. The data engineer suspects that a specific query is causing the problem. The engineer wants to identify the query and analyze its execution plan. Which steps should the engineer take?

Question 329mediummultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Glue DataBrew to clean and prepare data for machine learning. The source data is in an S3 bucket with server-side encryption using AWS KMS (SSE-KMS). The DataBrew project is set up with an IAM role that has permissions to read from the S3 bucket and use the KMS key. When the DataBrew job runs, it fails with an error indicating that it cannot access the data. The IAM role has the following policy: { 'Version': '2012-10-17', 'Statement': [ { 'Effect': 'Allow', 'Action': ['s3:GetObject', 's3:ListBucket'], 'Resource': ['arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket', 'arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*'] }, { 'Effect': 'Allow', 'Action': 'kms:Decrypt', 'Resource': 'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:123456789012:key/my-key' } ] }. What is the most likely cause of the failure?

Question 330easymultiple choice
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A company is using AWS Glue to catalog data stored in Amazon S3. The data is partitioned by year, month, and day. A data analyst reports that new partitions are not automatically discovered by the Glue crawler. The crawler runs on a schedule every hour. What is the MOST likely reason for the missing partitions?

Question 331hardmultiple choice
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A financial services company runs a critical data pipeline using AWS Step Functions to orchestrate multiple AWS Lambda functions and AWS Glue jobs. The pipeline processes transaction data and must complete within 15 minutes to meet a service-level agreement (SLA). Recently, the pipeline has been failing intermittently with a 'StateMachineExecutionLimitExceeded' error. The Step Functions state machine is configured with a Standard type. The company has a single state machine that runs on demand. The error occurs when multiple requests are submitted simultaneously. What should the team do to prevent this error?

Question 332mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is tasked with reducing costs for an Amazon Redshift cluster. The cluster is used for both ETL workloads and BI reporting. The engineer observes that the cluster is over-provisioned during off-peak hours. Which action would be MOST effective in reducing costs while maintaining performance during peak hours?

Question 333easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an Amazon Redshift cluster that is running slowly. The cluster has 4 dc2.large nodes. The engineer runs a query that scans a large table and notices that the query uses only a single slice instead of all slices. The table is distributed with DISTSTYLE ALL. What is the most likely reason for the query using only one slice?

Question 334mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon DynamoDB as a data store for a real-time dashboard application. The application performs point lookups and range queries on a table that has a partition key and sort key. The table uses on-demand capacity mode. Recently, the application's response time has increased, and CloudWatch metrics show high 'ThrottledRequests' for the table. The application uses the AWS SDK with default retry settings. The data access pattern is read-heavy with occasional spikes. What is the most effective way to reduce throttling?

Question 335hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon S3 to store log files from multiple applications. The logs are encrypted with AWS KMS (SSE-KMS). A data engineer needs to grant a new IAM user read-only access to the logs. The engineer attaches an S3 bucket policy that allows s3:GetObject and a KMS key policy that allows kms:Decrypt. However, the user still receives an 'Access Denied' error when trying to download an object. What is the MOST likely missing permission?

Question 336hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a data lake on Amazon S3 with AWS Lake Formation for access control. The data lake contains sensitive customer information. A data scientist needs to query the data using Amazon Athena. The data scientist has been granted SELECT permission on the database and tables via Lake Formation. However, when the data scientist runs a query in Athena, they receive an error: 'Access denied. Please check your permissions.' The IAM role used by Athena has the following permissions: s3:GetObject, s3:ListBucket, and lakeformation:GetDataAccess. The Lake Formation admin has verified that the data scientist is a member of a Lake Formation data lake location and has been granted 'Describe' and 'Select' permissions on the table. What is the most likely reason for the access denied error?

Question 337mediummulti select
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A data engineer is designing a disaster recovery plan for an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The database must have a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of less than 5 minutes and a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of less than 30 minutes. Which TWO actions should the engineer take to meet these requirements?

Question 338easymultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon S3 to store log files from multiple applications. The logs are written in JSON format. A data engineer wants to use Amazon Athena to query these logs. The logs are stored in a bucket with the following structure: 's3://logs/app1/date=2021-01-01/'. The engineer creates an Athena table with partitions. However, when querying, Athena returns zero results for partitions that exist. The engineer has run MSCK REPAIR TABLE to add partitions. What is the most likely cause of the issue?

Question 339hardmulti select
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A company is using AWS Glue to run ETL jobs that process data from Amazon S3 and load it into Amazon Redshift. The data engineer notices that the Glue job is failing with the error 'S3ServiceException: Access Denied' when writing to the staging S3 bucket. Which THREE actions should the engineer take to resolve this issue?

Question 340mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver streaming data to an Amazon S3 bucket. The data is then processed by a scheduled AWS Glue ETL job that loads it into an Amazon Redshift table. Recently, the Glue job has been failing with the error: 'S3ServiceException: Access Denied'. The Firehose delivery stream is configured with a prefix and error logging to the same S3 bucket. The Glue job uses the same IAM role that has s3:GetObject and s3:ListBucket permissions on the bucket. What is the most likely cause?

Question 341easymulti select
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A data engineer is setting up a data pipeline using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver data to Amazon S3. The data must be transformed using an AWS Lambda function before delivery. Which THREE steps are required to configure this?

Question 342hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a data pipeline that uses Amazon EMR to process large datasets. The pipeline reads data from S3, processes it using Spark, and writes results back to S3. Recently, the pipeline has been failing with 'OutOfMemoryError' in the Spark executors. The EMR cluster is configured with 5 core nodes of type m5.xlarge (4 vCPU, 16 GB memory each). The Spark application uses dynamic allocation and default Spark configurations. The input data size is approximately 500 GB in Parquet format. What is the most cost-effective way to resolve the out-of-memory errors?

Question 343mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer attempts to suspend versioning on an S3 bucket but receives the error shown. The engineer needs to suspend versioning to reduce storage costs. What should the engineer do FIRST?

Network Topology
aws s3api get-bucket-versioningbucket my-bucketaws s3api put-bucket-versioningversioning-configuration Status=SuspendedRefer to the exhibit.```Output:```json"Status": "Enabled","MFADelete": "Enabled"
Question 344hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an access issue. A user has the IAM policy shown in the exhibit. The user attempts to upload an object to `s3://data-lake-bucket/confidential/report.pdf`. What will happen?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

IAM Policy:
```json
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:GetObject",
                "s3:PutObject",
                "s3:DeleteObject"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-bucket/*"
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Deny",
            "Action": "s3:*",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-bucket/confidential/*"
        }
    ]
}
```

A user with this policy tries to upload an object to `s3://data-lake-bucket/confidential/report.pdf`. What will happen?
Question 345hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a data pipeline on Amazon EMR that processes terabytes of data daily. The pipeline reads from Amazon S3, performs transformations using Spark, and writes results back to S3. Recently, the data engineer noticed that the EMR cluster's spot instances are frequently reclaimed, causing job failures and delays. The cluster uses a mix of On-Demand and Spot instances. The engineer wants to minimize job interruptions while keeping costs low. The current configuration uses a single EMR cluster with a core node group of 10 On-Demand instances and a task node group of 20 Spot instances. The job failures occur during the shuffle phase when tasks on Spot instances are lost. The engineer has no control over when spot instances are reclaimed. Which action will MOST effectively reduce job failures while maintaining cost efficiency?

Question 346mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue ETL job that fails with a 'java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space' error. The job processes a 50 GB Parquet file from an S3 bucket. The job uses a G.1X DPU (16 GB memory) and default parameters. Which action should the engineer take to resolve the issue?

Question 347hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a nightly AWS Glue ETL job that writes results to an Amazon Redshift table using the JDBC connector. Recently, the job has been failing with the error 'ERROR: connection to server at ... failed: server closed the connection unexpectedly'. The Redshift cluster is in a private subnet with a VPC endpoint for S3. The Glue job runs in the same VPC with enhanced VPC routing enabled. Which is the most likely cause?

Question 348easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Kinesis Data Stream with a shard count of 10. The stream receives 5 MB/s of write traffic and 10 MB/s of read traffic. The engineer notices that writes are throttled with ProvisionedThroughputExceededException errors. Which action should the engineer take to resolve the throttling?

Question 349mediummultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Lake Formation to manage permissions on a data lake stored in S3. A data analyst reports that they can see a table in the AWS Glue Data Catalog but cannot query it using Amazon Athena. The analyst has been granted 'SELECT' permission on the table in Lake Formation. The table's underlying S3 location is encrypted with AWS KMS. The IAM role used by Athena has the necessary S3 and KMS permissions. What is the most likely reason for the failure?

Question 350hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is using AWS DMS to migrate a 2 TB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The migration is running in full load mode with ongoing replication. After the full load completes, the ongoing replication task shows a 'TargetMetadata' error: 'ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint'. The engineer verifies that the target table already contains the data. What should the engineer do to resolve this issue?

Question 351easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is running an Amazon EMR cluster with Spark to process log files. The cluster uses instance fleets with m5.xlarge core nodes. The engineer observes that the Spark job is running slower than expected. CloudWatch metrics show that the cluster's CPU utilization is below 20% but memory utilization is near 90%. Which configuration change would most likely improve performance?

Question 352mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Redshift for its data warehouse. A data engineer notices that queries are running slowly and the system's disk space is nearly full. The engineer runs the STV_PARTITIONS view and sees that many slices have high 'tossed' counts. What does this indicate, and what should the engineer do?

Question 353hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue job that writes data to an Amazon S3 bucket in Parquet format. The job runs successfully but the output files are smaller than the configured 'groupFiles' size. The engineer has set 'groupFiles' to 'inPartition' and 'groupSize' to 1 GB. The input data is 10 GB in a single partition. What is the most likely reason for the small files?

Question 354easymultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver streaming data to an Amazon S3 bucket. Recently, the delivery stream has been failing with the error 'S3 bucket does not exist'. The S3 bucket exists and the Firehose IAM role has s3:PutObject permissions. What is the most likely cause?

Question 355mediummulti select
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A data engineer is setting up an Amazon Redshift cluster for a new data warehouse. The engineer needs to ensure that the cluster can automatically recover from failures and maintain high availability. Which TWO actions should the engineer take? (Choose TWO.)

Question 356hardmulti select
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A company is using AWS Glue DataBrew to clean and transform data from an S3 bucket. The data contains personally identifiable information (PII). The company wants to mask the PII columns before making the dataset available to analysts. Which THREE actions can the engineer perform using DataBrew to mask PII? (Choose THREE.)

Question 357easymulti select
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A data engineer is monitoring an Amazon Kinesis Data Stream used to ingest clickstream data. The engineer notices that the stream's 'WriteProvisionedThroughputExceeded' metric is frequently above zero. Which TWO actions could help mitigate this issue? (Choose TWO.)

Question 358mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer reviews the above error log from an AWS Glue ETL job. The job uses a G.1X worker type (16 GB memory). The job processes a 30 GB CSV file from S3. What should the engineer do to resolve the memory error?

Exhibit

Error log from AWS Glue job: 2024-01-01 12:00:00 ERROR: An error occurred while calling o123.pyWriteDynamicFrame. Error: org.apache.spark.SparkException: Job aborted due to stage failure: Task 0 in stage 1.0 failed 4 times, most recent failure: Lost task 0.3 in stage 1.0 (TID 123, ip-10-0-0-123.ec2.internal): ExecutorLostFailure (executor 2 exited caused by one of the running tasks) Reason: Container killed by YARN for exceeding memory limits. 10.0 GB of 10.0 GB physical memory used. Consider boosting spark.executor.memory.
Question 359hardmultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue ETL job that fails with an 'Access Denied' error when trying to write to an S3 bucket. The IAM role used by the job has the policy shown in the exhibit. The bucket 'my-bucket' uses S3 default encryption with AWS KMS. What is the most likely missing permission?

Exhibit

IAM policy attached to an IAM role used by AWS Glue:
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:PutObject"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:ListBucket"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "glue:Get*",
        "glue:BatchGet*"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
Question 360hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a data pipeline that ingests streaming data from an IoT fleet into Amazon Kinesis Data Streams (KDS) with 50 shards. A Lambda function processes records from the stream and writes them to an Amazon DynamoDB table for real-time analytics. The Lambda function is configured with a batch size of 100 and a maximum batching window of 60 seconds. Recently, the company has been seeing an increasing number of 'WriteProvisionedThroughputExceededException' errors from DynamoDB, causing Lambda to retry and eventually send records to a dead-letter queue (DLQ). The DynamoDB table is provisioned with 5000 read capacity units (RCU) and 5000 write capacity units (WCU). The average item size is 1 KB. The KDS stream receives an average of 8000 records per second, each 2 KB in size. The Lambda function performs a simple transformation and writes each record individually to DynamoDB. The company wants to reduce the throttling errors without increasing the DynamoDB WCU provision. Which course of action is most likely to achieve this?

Question 361mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer manages an Amazon Redshift cluster that hosts a 10 TB data warehouse. The cluster uses a single node of type dc2.large (160 GB SSD). The engineer notices that the cluster's disk space is 95% full, and queries are running slowly. The engineer runs the STV_PARTITIONS view and sees that many slices have high 'tossed' counts. The engineer also runs VACUUM and ANALYZE commands, but the disk space does not improve. The engineer suspects that the cluster needs more storage. However, the company wants to minimize cost. Which action should the engineer take to resolve the disk space issue most cost-effectively?

Question 362easymultiple choice
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A company uses AWS Glue to run ETL jobs that process data from an Amazon RDS for MySQL database and load it into an Amazon S3 data lake. The Glue job runs daily and processes incremental data. Recently, the job has been taking longer than expected. The engineer checks the CloudWatch logs and sees that the job is spending most of its time on the 'Reading from JDBC' phase. The MySQL table has 10 million rows and is indexed on the primary key. The Glue job uses a 'job bookmark' to track processed data. The engineer wants to improve the performance of the read phase. Which action is most likely to help?

Question 363mediummultiple choice
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A data engineering team is troubleshooting a failing AWS Glue ETL job that processes data from an S3 bucket. The job writes output to another S3 bucket. The job fails with an AccessDenied error when writing to the output bucket. The IAM role used by the job has the following policy attached: {"Version":"2012-10-17","Statement":[{"Effect":"Allow","Action":["s3:GetObject","s3:ListBucket"],"Resource":["arn:aws:s3:::input-bucket/*","arn:aws:s3:::input-bucket"]}]}. What is the most likely cause of the failure?

Question 364easymultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest real-time clickstream data. The data is consumed by an AWS Lambda function that processes records and stores results in Amazon DynamoDB. Recently, the Lambda function has been failing with ProvisionedThroughputExceededException errors. Which action should the data engineer take to resolve this issue?

Question 365hardmultiple choice
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A data pipeline uses AWS Glue to run ETL jobs that read from and write to an Amazon Redshift cluster. The pipeline recently started failing with the error 'ERROR: cannot execute INSERT in a read-only transaction'. The Glue job's IAM role has the necessary permissions. What could be the cause of this error?

Question 366mediummultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue ETL job that fails intermittently. The job is triggered by an AWS Lambda function that uses the IAM policy shown. The Lambda function invokes the Glue job, but sometimes the job does not start. Which action should the engineer take to ensure the job starts reliably?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

IAM Policy JSON:
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:PutObject",
        "s3:DeleteObject"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-bucket/*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:ListBucket"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::data-lake-bucket"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "glue:StartJobRun"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
Question 367easymultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon S3 as a data lake. A data engineer needs to ensure that all objects uploaded to the 'incoming' prefix are automatically encrypted at rest using AWS KMS with a specific customer managed key. What is the simplest way to enforce this?

Question 368mediummultiple choice
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A data engineering team uses Amazon EMR to run Spark jobs on a transient cluster. The jobs read data from S3 and write results back to S3. The team notices that jobs are taking longer than expected. Which configuration change is most likely to improve performance?

Question 369hardmultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver streaming log data to an Amazon S3 bucket. The delivery stream uses dynamic partitioning with a custom prefix. Recently, the delivery stream has been failing with the error 'InvalidArgumentException: The number of partitions exceeds the limit'. What is the likely cause?

Question 370easymulti select
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A data engineer needs to monitor the performance of an Amazon Redshift cluster. Which TWO Amazon CloudWatch metrics should the engineer monitor to detect disk space issues?

Question 371mediummulti select
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A company is using AWS Glue Data Catalog to store metadata about datasets in S3. The data engineer wants to implement a data governance solution that tracks lineage and versioning of datasets. Which TWO AWS services can be used together to achieve this?

Question 372hardmulti select
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A data engineer is designing a disaster recovery plan for an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database. The database is 500 GB and has a multi-AZ deployment. The recovery point objective (RPO) is 5 minutes, and the recovery time objective (RTO) is 2 hours. Which THREE actions should the engineer take to meet these objectives?

Question 373hardmultiple choice
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Your company runs a critical data processing pipeline that ingests data from multiple sources into an Amazon S3 bucket. An AWS Glue ETL job processes this data and writes the output to an Amazon Redshift cluster. The pipeline is triggered by an S3 event notification that invokes an AWS Lambda function, which starts the Glue job. Recently, you have observed that the Glue job occasionally fails with an AccessDenied error when trying to access the S3 bucket. The IAM role used by the Glue job has the following policy: { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "s3:GetObject", "s3:ListBucket" ], "Resource": [ "arn:aws:s3:::input-bucket", "arn:aws:s3:::input-bucket/*" ] }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "redshift:CopyData" ], "Resource": "*" } ] }. The S3 bucket has a bucket policy that allows access only from a specific VPC. The Glue job runs in a VPC with the appropriate VPC endpoints configured. The error occurs intermittently and sometimes retries succeed. What is the most likely cause and correct course of action?

Question 374mediummultiple choice
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Your team uses Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics to process real-time streaming data from an Amazon Kinesis Data Stream. The application calculates windowed aggregations and writes results to an Amazon S3 bucket using a delivery stream. Recently, the application has been failing with a 'LimitExceededException' when writing to the delivery stream. You have checked the CloudWatch metrics and see that the IncomingBytes and IncomingRecords for the delivery stream are well below the provisioned limits. The delivery stream has a buffer size of 5 MB and a buffer interval of 60 seconds. The application generates about 500 records per second, each about 1 KB. What is the most likely cause and correct action?

Question 375mediummultiple choice
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Your company has an Amazon S3-based data lake partitioned by year/month/day. An AWS Glue crawler runs daily to update the Data Catalog. A Spark job on Amazon EMR reads the latest partition and performs transformations. Recently, the Spark job has been failing with a 'FileNotFoundException' for a file that is expected to exist. You check the S3 bucket and see that the file exists. The job is configured to use S3 as the direct input source with EMRFS consistent view enabled. The IAM role for the EMR cluster has full S3 access. What is the most likely cause?

Question 376easymultiple choice
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Your organization uses Amazon Redshift for analytical workloads. You have noticed that queries are slow on a large fact table. The table is distributed by KEY on the customer_id column and sorted by transaction_date. The table is frequently updated with new records. To improve query performance, you decide to implement a distribution style that reduces data movement. Which action should you take?

Question 377hardmultiple choice
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Your company runs a data pipeline that ingests data from AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) into Amazon S3 in Parquet format. An AWS Glue ETL job then transforms the data and loads it into an Amazon Redshift cluster. The Glue job uses a JDBC connection to Redshift. Recently, the Glue job started failing with a 'communication failure' error when writing to Redshift. The Redshift cluster is in a VPC with public accessibility disabled. The Glue job runs in a VPC with a subnet that has a route to a NAT gateway. The security group for Redshift allows inbound traffic from the Glue job's security group. The Glue job's IAM role has the necessary permissions. What is the most likely cause?

Question 378hardmultiple choice
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A data engineering team uses AWS Glue ETL jobs to process daily data from an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance into Amazon S3. Recently, the jobs have been failing randomly with the error 'psycopg2.OperationalError: could not connect to server: Connection timed out'. The RDS instance is in a private subnet with a security group that allows inbound traffic from the Glue job's security group on port 5432. The Glue job is configured to use the same VPC, subnet, and security group. The RDS instance has sufficient connections and is not at CPU or memory limits. The failures occur at different times each day, and the job works when retried immediately. Which action should the team take to resolve the issue?

Question 379mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest clickstream data from web applications. The data is consumed by a Kinesis Data Analytics application that runs SQL queries. Recently, the data analytics application has been falling behind, and the 'MillisBehindLatest' metric for the consumer has been increasing steadily. The shard count is 4, and the average records per second per shard is 200, with an average record size of 1 KB. The provisioned shard limit for the account is 10. Which action will resolve the issue?

Question 380easymultiple choice
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A data engineer is troubleshooting a failed AWS Glue ETL job that reads from Amazon S3 and writes to Amazon Redshift. The job fails with the error: 'ERROR: Cannot insert a duplicate key into unique index'. The Redshift table has a primary key on the 'id' column. The data in S3 contains multiple records with the same 'id'. The engineer needs to ensure that only the latest record for each 'id' is loaded into Redshift. The data has a 'timestamp' column. Which approach should the engineer take?

Question 381hardmultiple choice
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A company runs a data pipeline using AWS Step Functions to orchestrate multiple AWS Lambda functions and AWS Glue jobs. The pipeline processes large CSV files from Amazon S3, transforms them, and loads them into Amazon Redshift. Recently, the pipeline has been failing intermittently with a 'StateMachineExecutionLimitExceeded' error. The error occurs when multiple pipeline runs are triggered simultaneously. The current execution limit for the state machine is 1000. The team expects up to 200 concurrent executions during peak hours. Which action should the team take to resolve the issue?

Question 382mediummultiple choice
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A company uses Amazon S3 to store log files from multiple sources. The logs are partitioned by year, month, day, and hour. A data engineer uses Amazon Athena to query the logs. Recently, users have reported that queries are taking longer than expected. The engineer notices that many queries are scanning large amounts of data even when filtering on partition columns. The total data size is 10 TB, and the average query scans 2 TB. The partition columns are properly defined in the table schema. What is the most likely cause of the slow queries?

Question 383mediummulti select
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A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3 that will be used for both batch processing with Amazon EMR and interactive queries with Amazon Athena. The data includes sensitive personally identifiable information (PII) that must be encrypted at rest. The company requires that the encryption keys be managed by the company and rotated every 90 days. Which TWO options should the engineer implement to meet these requirements? (Choose TWO.)

Question 384hardmulti select
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A company runs an Amazon Redshift cluster for data warehousing. The data engineering team notices that the 'Amazon Redshift Data API' is timing out when executing long-running queries. The queries typically take more than 10 minutes to complete. The team wants to ensure that the queries can complete without timeout and that the results are retrievable. Which TWO steps should the team take? (Choose TWO.)

Question 385easymulti select
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A data engineer is monitoring an AWS Glue ETL job that processes data from Amazon DynamoDB to Amazon S3. The job is taking longer than expected. The engineer suspects that the job's parallelism is not optimal. Which THREE actions can improve the job's performance? (Choose THREE.)

Question 386mediummulti select
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A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver streaming data to Amazon S3. The data is in JSON format, and each record is approximately 5 KB. The company has set the buffer interval to 60 seconds and the buffer size to 5 MB. However, the data engineer observes that the delivery to S3 is delayed by up to 5 minutes during peak traffic. The engineer wants to reduce the delivery latency to under 1 minute. Which TWO actions should the engineer take? (Choose TWO.)

Question 387hardmulti select
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A company is migrating its on-premises data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. The data includes tables with up to 100 columns and 500 million rows. The migration involves a full load followed by incremental updates. The company needs to minimize downtime during the final cutover. Which THREE strategies should the data engineer use to facilitate the migration? (Choose THREE.)

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